Nov 19, 2019 generate-ssh-keys; Using these parameters, Azure will create a three-node cluster, running Kubernetes version 1.14.6, with automatically generated ssh keys for the nodes. The ssh keys will be used for secure shell access to the worker nodes. The example below shows the command and its resulting output. You can find the SSH keys from the output of this command az aks create. After you run this command, you can find your ssh key in that output. You can find it in this path.
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Kubernetes provides a distributed platform for containerized applications. With AKS, you can quickly create a production ready Kubernetes cluster. In this tutorial, part three of seven, a Kubernetes cluster is deployed in AKS. You learn how to:
- Deploy a Kubernetes AKS cluster that can authenticate to an Azure container registry
- Install the Kubernetes CLI (kubectl)
- Configure kubectl to connect to your AKS cluster
In additional tutorials, the Azure Vote application is deployed to the cluster, scaled, and updated.
Before you begin
In previous tutorials, a container image was created and uploaded to an Azure Container Registry instance. If you haven't done these steps, and would like to follow along, start at Tutorial 1 – Create container images.
This tutorial requires that you're running the Azure CLI version 2.0.53 or later. Run az --version to find the version. If you need to install or upgrade, see Install Azure CLI.
Create a Kubernetes cluster
AKS clusters can use Kubernetes role-based access controls (RBAC). These controls let you define access to resources based on roles assigned to users. Permissions are combined if a user is assigned multiple roles, and permissions can be scoped to either a single namespace or across the whole cluster. By default, the Azure CLI automatically enables RBAC when you create an AKS cluster.
Create an AKS cluster using az aks create. The following example creates a cluster named myAKSCluster in the resource group named myResourceGroup. This resource group was created in the previous tutorial. To allow an AKS cluster to interact with other Azure resources, an Azure Active Directory service principal is automatically created, since you did not specify one. Here, this service principal is granted the right to pull images from the Azure Container Registry (ACR) instance you created in the previous tutorial. Note that you can use a managed identity instead of a service principal for easier management.
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You can also manually configure a service principal to pull images from ACR. For more information, see ACR authentication with service principals or Authenticate from Kubernetes with a pull secret.
After a few minutes, the deployment completes, and returns JSON-formatted information about the AKS deployment.
Note
To ensure your cluster to operate reliably, you should run at least 2 (two) nodes.
Install the Kubernetes CLI
To connect to the Kubernetes cluster from your local computer, you use kubectl, the Kubernetes command-line client.
If you use the Azure Cloud Shell, kubectl is already installed. You can also install it locally using the az aks install-cli command:
Connect to cluster using kubectl
To configure kubectl to connect to your Kubernetes cluster, use the az aks get-credentials command. The following example gets credentials for the AKS cluster named myAKSCluster in the myResourceGroup:
To verify the connection to your cluster, run the kubectl get nodes command to return a list of the cluster nodes:
Next steps
In this tutorial, a Kubernetes cluster was deployed in AKS, and you configured kubectl to connect to it. You learned how to:
- Deploy a Kubernetes AKS cluster that can authenticate to an Azure container registry
- Install the Kubernetes CLI (kubectl)
- Configure kubectl to connect to your AKS cluster
Advance to the next tutorial to learn how to deploy an application to the cluster.
Install Prerequisites
All the commands in this guide require both the Azure CLI and aks-engine. Follow the installation instructions to download aks-engine before continuing or compile from source.
For installation instructions see the Azure CLI GitHub repository for the latest release.
Overview
aks-engine reads a cluster definition which describes the size, shape, and configuration of your cluster. This guide takes the default configuration of one master and two Linux agents. If you would like to change the configuration, edit examples/kubernetes.json before continuing.
The aks-engine deploy command automates creation of a Service Principal, Resource Group and SSH key for your cluster. If operators need more control or are interested in the individual steps see the 'Long Way' section below.
NOTE: AKS Engine creates a cluster; it doesn't create an Azure Container Service resource. So clusters that you create using the aks-engine command (or ARM templates generated by the aks-engine command) won't show up as AKS resources, for example when you run az acs list. Think of aks-engine as the, er, engine which AKS uses to create clusters: you can use the same engine yourself, but AKS won't know about the results.
After the cluster is deployed the upgrade and scale commands can be used to make updates to your cluster.
Gather Information
- The subscription in which you would like to provision the cluster. This is a uuid which can be found with
az account list -o table. - Proper access rights within the subscription. Especially the right to create and assign service principals to applications ( see AKS Engine the Long Way, Step #2)
- A valid service principal with all the required create/manage permissions. Instructions to create a new service principal can be found here.
- A
dnsPrefixwhich forms part of the the hostname for your cluster (e.g. staging, prodwest, blueberry). The DNS prefix must be unique so pick a random name. - A location to provision the cluster e.g.
westus2.
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Deploy
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For this example, the subscription id is 51ac25de-afdg-9201-d923-8d8e8e8e8e8e, the DNS prefix is contoso-apple, and location is westus2.
Run aks-engine deploy with the appropriate arguments:
aks-engine will output Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates, SSH keys, and a kubeconfig file in _output/contoso-apple-59769a59 directory:
_output/contoso-apple-59769a59/azureuser_rsa_output/contoso-apple-59769a59/kubeconfig/kubeconfig.westus2.json
aks-engine generates kubeconfig files for each possible region. Access the new cluster by using the kubeconfig generated for the cluster's location. This example used westus2, so the kubeconfig is _output/<clustername>/kubeconfig/kubeconfig.westus2.json:
Administrative note: By default, the directory where aks-engine stores cluster configuration (_output/contoso-apple above) won't be overwritten as a result of subsequent attempts to deploy a cluster using the same --dns-prefix) To re-use the same resource group name repeatedly, include the --force-overwrite command line option with your aks-engine deploy command. On a related note, include an --auto-suffix option to append a randomly generated suffix to the dns-prefix to form the resource group name, for example if your workflow requires a common prefix across multiple cluster deployments. Using the --auto-suffix pattern appends a compressed timestamp to ensure a unique cluster name (and thus ensure that each deployment's configuration artifacts will be stored locally under a discrete _output/<resource-group-name>/ directory).
Note: If the cluster is using an existing VNET please see the Custom VNET feature documentation for additional steps that must be completed after cluster provisioning.
The deploy command lets you override any values under the properties tag (even in arrays) from the cluster definition file without having to update the file. You can use the --set flag to do that. For example:
AKS Engine the Long Way
Step 1: Generate an SSH Key
Azure Public Ssh Key
In addition to using Kubernetes APIs to interact with the clusters, cluster operators may access the master and agent machines using SSH.
If you don't have an SSH key cluster operators may generate a new one.
Step 2: Create a Service Principal
Kubernetes clusters have integrated support for various cloud providers as core functionality. On Azure, aks-engine uses a Service Principal to interact with Azure Resource Manager (ARM). Follow the instructions to create a new service principal and grant it the necessary IAM role to create Azure resources.
Step 3: Edit your Cluster Definition
AKS Engine consumes a cluster definition which outlines the desired shape, size, and configuration of Kubernetes. There are a number of features that can be enabled through the cluster definition: check the examples directory for a number of.. examples.
Edit the simple Kubernetes cluster definition and fill out the required values:
dnsPrefix: must be a region-unique name and will form part of the hostname (e.g. myprod1, staging, leapingllama) - be unique!keyData: must contain the public portion of an SSH key - this will be associated with theadminUsernamevalue found in the same section of the cluster definition (e.g. 'ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABA..')clientId: this is the service principal's appId uuid or name from step 2secret: this is the service principal's password or randomly-generated password from step 2
Optional: attach to an existing virtual network (VNET). Details here
Note: you can then use the --set option of the generate command to override values from the cluster definition file directly in the command line (cf. Step 4)
Step 4: Generate the Templates
The generate command takes a cluster definition and outputs a number of templates which describe your Kubernetes cluster. By default, generate will create a new directory named after your cluster nested in the _output directory. If my dnsPrefix was larry my cluster templates would be found in _output/larry-.
Run aks-engine generate examples/kubernetes.json
The generate command lets you override values from the cluster definition file without having to update the file. You can use the --set flag to do that:
The --set flag only supports JSON properties under properties. You can also work with array, like the following:
Step 5: Submit your Templates to Azure Resource Manager (ARM)
- To enable the optional network policy enforcement using calico, you have to set the parameter during this step according to this guide
- To enable the optional network policy enforcement using cilium, you have to set the parameter during this step according to this guide
- To enable the optional network policy enforcement using antrea, you have to set the parameter during this step according to this guide
Note: If the cluster is using an existing VNET please see the Custom VNET feature documentation for additional steps that must be completed after cluster provisioning.