Sep 26, 2019 Manually generating your SSH key in Windows ›. Using Git Bash, which is the Git command line tool, you can generate SSH key pairs. Git Bash has an SSH client that enables you to connect to and interact with Triton containers on Windows. Sep 06, 2019 Generating your key pair and propagating your public key is simpler than it sounds. Let’s walk through it. Generating the key. The minimum effort to generate a key pair involves running the ssh-keygen command, and choosing the defaults at all the prompts: $ ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa.
While Encrypting a File with a Password from the Command Line using OpenSSLis very useful in its own right, the real power of the OpenSSL library is itsability to support the use of public key cryptograph for encrypting orvalidating data in an unattended manner (where the password is not required toencrypt) is done with public keys.
You can generate a public and private RSA key pair like this:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out private.pem 2048
That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provideand writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You willuse this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it canonly be read with the private key.
This is a command that is
openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem
The -pubout
flag is really important. Be sure to include it.
Next open the public.pem
and ensure that it starts with-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
. This is how you know that this file is thepublic key of the pair and not a private key.
To check the file from the command line you can use the less
command, like this:
less public.pem
A previous version of the post gave this example in error.
openssl rsa -in private.pem -out private_unencrypted.pem -outform PEM
The error is that the -pubout
was dropped from the end of the command.That changes the meaning of the command from that of exporting the public keyto exporting the private key outside of its encrypted wrapper. Inspecting theoutput file, in this case private_unencrypted.pem
clearly shows that the keyis a RSA private key as it starts with -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
.
It is important to visually inspect you private and public key files to makesure that they are what you expect. OpenSSL will clearly explain the nature ofthe key block with a -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
or -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
.
You can use less to inspect each of your two files in turn:
less private.pem
to verify that it starts with a -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
less public.pem
to verify that it starts with a -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
The next section shows a full example of what each key file should look like.
The generated files are base64-encoded encryption keys in plain text format.If you select a password for your private key, its file will be encrypted withyour password. Be sure to remember this password or the key pair becomes useless.
Depending on the nature of the information you will protect, it’s important tokeep the private key backed up and secret. The public key can be distributedanywhere or embedded in your web application scripts, such as in your PHP,Ruby, or other scripts. Again, backup your keys!
Remember, if the key goes away the data encrypted to it is gone. Keeping aprinted copy of the key material in a sealed envelope in a bank safety depositbox is a good way to protect important keys against loss due to fire or harddrive failure.
If you, dear reader, were planning any funny business with the private key that I have just published here. Know that they were made especially for this series of blog posts. I do not use them for anything else.
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Using SSH public-key authentication to connect to a remote system is a robust, more secure alternative to logging in with an account password or passphrase. SSH public-key authentication relies on asymmetric cryptographic algorithms that generate a pair of separate keys (a key pair), one 'private' and the other 'public'. You keep the private key a secret and store it on the computer you use to connect to the remote system. Conceivably, you can share the public key with anyone without compromising the private key; you store it on the remote system in a .ssh/authorized_keys
directory.
To use SSH public-key authentication:
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file in your account.To set up public-key authentication using SSH on a Linux or macOS computer:
To generate RSA keys, on the command line, enter:
Enter
or Return
without entering a filename.Alternatively, you can enter a filename (for example, my_ssh_key
) at the prompt, and then press Enter
or Return
. However, many remote hosts are configured to accept private keys with the default filename and path (~/.ssh/id_rsa
for RSA keys) by default. Consequently, to authenticate with a private key that has a different filename, or one that is not stored in the default location, you must explicitly invoke it either on the SSH command line or in an SSH client configuration file (~/.ssh/config
); see below for instructions.
Enter
or Return
. If you press Enter
or Return
without entering a password, your private key will be generated without password-protection.Your private key will be generated using the default filename (for example, id_rsa
) or the filename you specified (for example, my_ssh_key
), and stored on your computer in a .ssh
directory off your home directory (for example, ~/.ssh/id_rsa
or ~/.ssh/my_ssh_key
).
The corresponding public key will be generated using the same filename (but with a .pub
extension added) and stored in the same location (for example, ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
or ~/.ssh/my_ssh_key.pub
).
~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
) to your account on the remote system (for example, [email protected]
); for example, using command-line SCP: You'll be prompted for your account password. Your public key will be copied to your home directory (and saved with the same filename) on the remote system.
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file in your account (if your account doesn't have ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file, system administrators can create one for you). Once your public key is added to your ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file on the remote system, the setup process is complete, and you should now be able to SSH to your account from the computer that has your private key.~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file, create one; on the command line, enter the following commands: ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file, executing these commands will not damage the existing directory or file.~/id_rsa.pub
) to a new line in your ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file; on the command line, enter: You may want to check the contents of ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
to make sure your public key was added properly; on the command line, enter:
~/id_rsa.pub
) from your account on the remote system; on the command line, enter:Alternatively, if you prefer to keep a copy of your public key on the remote system, move it to your .ssh
directory; on the command line, enter:
[email protected]
) from the computer (for example, host1
) that has your private key (for example, ~/.ssh/id_rsa
):If the private key you're using does not have the default name, or is not stored in the default path (not ~/.ssh/id_rsa
), you must explicitly invoke it in one of two ways:
-i
flag and the path to your private key.For example, to invoke the private key host2_key
, stored in the ~/.ssh/old_keys
directory, when connecting to your account on a remote host (for example, [email protected]
), enter:
~/.ssh/config
), if it exists/etc/ssh/ssh_config
)The SSH client configuration file is a text file containing keywords and arguments. To specify which private key should be used for connections to a particular remote host, use a text editor to create a ~/.ssh/config
that includes the Host
and IdentityFile
keywords.
For example, for connections to host2.somewhere.edu
, to make SSH automatically invoke the private key host2_key
, stored in the ~/.ssh/old_keys
directory, create a ~/.ssh/config
file with these lines included:
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Once you save the file, SSH will use the specified private key for future connections to that host.
You can add multiple Host
and IdentityFile
directives to specify a different private key for each host listed; for example:
Alternatively, you can use a single asterisk ( *
) to provide global defaults for all hosts (specify one private key for several hosts); for example:
For more about the SSH client configuration file, see the OpenSSH SSH client configuration file on the web or from the command line (man ssh_config
).
The PuTTY command-line SSH client, the PuTTYgen key generation utility, the Pageant SSH authentication agent, and the PuTTY SCP and SFTP utilities are packaged together in a Windows installer available under The MIT License for free download from the PuTTY development team.
After installing PuTTY:
2048
).putty_key
), select a location on your computer to store it, and then click Save.putty_private_key
), select a location on your computer to store it, and then click Save.putty_rsa
), select a location on your computer to store it, and then click Save.If the remote system does not support password-based authentication, you will need to ask system administrators to add your public key to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file in your account (if your account doesn't have ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file, system administrators can create one for you). Once your public key is added to your account's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file on the remote system..
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file, create one; on the command line, enter the following commands:If your account on the remote system already has ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
, executing these commands will not damage the existing directory or file.
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
file, and then save and close the file.putty_private_key.ppk
), select the file, and then click Open.If your private key is not passphrase-protected, Pageant will add your private key without prompting you for a passphrase.
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Either way, Pageant stores the unencrypted private key in memory for use by PuTTY when you initiate an SSH session to the remote system that has your public key.
Deathstar
), and then click Save.Startup
folder to launch Pageant and load your private key automatically whenever you log into your desktop. For instructions, finish the rest of the following steps.Startup
folder. Press Win-r
, and in the 'Open' field, type shell:startup
, and then press Enter
.Startup
folder, and then select New and Shortcut.pageant.exe
) followed by the path to your private key file (for example, putty_private_key.ppk
); enclose both paths in double quotes; for example: PAGEANT
).The next time you log into your Windows desktop, Pageant will start automatically, load your private key, and (if applicable) prompt you for the passphrase.