Here's an ID and password recovery fishstory:
Cindy HelpDesk answered the phone andheard a timid voice at the other end. 'Hello Cindy, this isBubba Smith. I lost my ID file.'
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'What happened to your IDfile?'
'It's at the bottom of theGulf of Mexico, with my laptop. . . .I was out fishing with mybuddy, Billy JoBob, and I decided to check my e-mail. Then thishuge shark swallowed the bait and started a tremendous fight. Idropped my laptop to grab the pole, and the laptop slipped into thewater.'
'Did you catch theshark?'
Mr. Smith sheepishly said, 'Nope,it got away, but I have a new laptop now. I need a Notes ID andpassword, and I also had an X.509 certificate in my Notes ID file.I don't know how to get a replacement.'
'Let me check. Your ID was lastharvested two weeks ago. How long ago did you import the X.509certificate into your ID file?'
'About four monthsago.'
'Then you should be OK. I'msending your ID to your manager now. Here is the key to unlock yourID-5829692949294a36. Also I'm e-mailing the procedures on howto unlock the ID file to your manager; it takes just a few steps tounlock the ID and enter a new password. Without the number I'vejust given you, no one will be able to unlock your ID file, soguard it just as carefully as your password.'
Mr. Smith sighed with relief.'Thanks, Cindy. You were a great help!'
Great story with a happy ending. Userdrowns laptop, user gets a new laptop, and then user gets ID back.All this without getting wet. This success story was brought to youby the ID and Password Recovery (also called ID Recovery) mechanismthat is built into Lotus Notes R5. This article explains how toimplement ID and Password Recovery for yourorganization.
The ID Recovery mechanism is basicallysimple. If an ID has been created with a certifier that hasrecovery information, the ID file contains at least one recoverypassword that is randomly generated and encrypted with anadministrator's public key. The password is unique for eachadministrator and user. For example, administrator Cindy HelpDeskhas a unique recovery password for user Bubba Smith, and thatpassword is stored in Bubba's ID file.
Before ID Recovery, if a user lost thepassword to her ID, the administrator had to either get the ID filefrom an archive or create a new ID file for the user. Both optionsposed problems:
ID and Password Recovery makes user IDmanagement simpler and better with these new features:
These powerful features allow anenterprise Domino installation to securely manage ID files whilealso providing better service to users.
Here are the basic steps forimplementing ID and Password Recovery in your organization:
Let's review each of these steps inmore detail.
First, before creating recoverypolicies and procedures, you need to have a basic,organization-wide security policy. If you need help here, severalbooks and Web sites can help you, including The Internet SecurityGuidebook, ISBN:0122374711;'An IT Security Policy: What Every Hacker Does Not Want You To Havein Place,' (THE VIEW,November/December 2000); and the National Institute of Standardsand Technology (NIST) Internet Security Policy guidebook.Thesematerials can help you create security policies and procedures tosupport your security infrastructure.
Then, in relation to ID Recovery, youneed to define the following:
Identify the number of RecoveryAuthority IDs to be placed in certifiers
Here are your options. Which you choosedepends on your organization's security policies:
Identify the minimum number ofadministrator IDs (Recovery Authorities) required to open an IDfile
The Lotus recommended minimum number isthree. Many organizations follow standard security practice forsensitive IDs and require two. Other organizations have minimalsecurity requirements and only require one, and/or use a sharedrecovery ID.
Identify the naming standard ofthe administrator IDs (Recovery Authorities) that can unlock anID
This can be any person that has a Notespublic key in the address book. The Domino R5 Administration Helpsuggests usingexisting administrator IDs. You could also create specific ID filesfor administrators that would be dedicated to opening ID files. Forexample:Recovery1/Recovery/TheCompany
As we mentioned earlier, you can useone database for the whole organization or one per O or OU. Ineither case, you must:
We recommend that you also:
Every certifier ID has an internal memory location that lists the name of the mail-in database for the recovery of IDs. The administrator can have a single database for all certifiers or one database for each certifier.
To create a mail-in database record foreach recovery database:
Every certifier ID can hold recoveryinformation. This recovery information is 'stamped' into each newuser ID when that ID is created using an R5 Administrator client.This recovery information can also be exported and imported intoR4-based IDs that are on R5 clients.
For each OU certifier:
At this point, the Recovery Authorityinformation is complete and will take affect for all new users. Forexisting users, you will need to export the information and send itto them. This step is covered in the next section.
Here's an example of what a completedEdit Master Recovery Authority List dialog box lookslike:
In this case, only one RecoveryAuthority is required, so either Mike Jones, TIm Speed, or TomSmith will be able to recover (unlock) an ID file. The name of themail-in database is Dallas IDPR. All new and harvested IDs will besent to this mail-in database for the OU/Dallas/TheCompany.
You repeat this process of addingrecovery information for each OU in your organization. All newusers will have recovery information in their IDs and their IDswill be automatically mailed to the recovery database. The examplebelow shows how the recovery database looks after registering twonew users:
These messages look like any normalmail message, but they house a backup copy of the user'sNotes ID file. Here is what the message looks like:
Now your new users are protected, butany existing R5 users and R4.x users you have migrated to R5clients and servers still do not have recovery information in theirIDs. What do you do to fix this? You can export the recoveryinformation from the certifiers and send it to the users. You needto repeat the following steps for each group of users certifiedwith a specific certifier:
Note that this export can happen at anytime, but if you are dealing with any type of migration, you willsave yourself headaches if you finish the migration before youexport the recovery information and send it to the users. The sameis true if you are in the process of moving users from one O or OUlevel certifier to another one.
Now let's go through the process withone user. Suppose Billy JoBob was an R4 user that recently upgradedto an R5 client.
Tell users about IDRecovery
This is the most important step you cantake, because until users accept the recovery information and mailback their IDs, their IDs will not be protected. Use whatevernotification methods you normally use, but send the message severaltimes. Explain how important it is. You might even include a buttonfor them to acknowledge the message.
Export the recoveryinformation
Next, you export the recoveryinformation and send it to the users. Remember that you have to dothis for each certifier used to register users:
In this example, we have selected BillyJoBob. Once we click the Send button, the message will be deliveredto Billy JoBob's mail file. Here's how it looks in Billy'smail file. Notice that the instructions are in the Subject line ofthe message.
The user accepts the recoveryinformation
Next, Billy opens the message andfollows the directions in the Subject line, choosing Actions -Accept Recovery Information:
The user sends the ID with therecovery information to the recovery database
Once Billy has chosen the AcceptRecovery Information option, the Backup ID File dialog box appears,prompting Billy to send his ID to the recoverydatabase:
The new recovery information is placedinto users ID files once they have accepted it, even if they cancelthe dialog box to e-mail a backup copy to the recovery database.But let's review the impact of several different scenarios, basedon Billy's actions.
If Billy decides not to bother withanother 'boring administration message' and doesn't open themessage and accept recovery information-in other words, doesabsolutely nothing-there will be no way to recover his IDfile. You will probably need to issue a new ID file to Billy, evenif he still has the ID file and has only forgotten the password.This will take time, and Billy will not be happy. If Billy has anyencrypted messages or other data, those are permanently lost, andhe will be even less happy.
By the way, if Billy is ever undersuspicion of illegal activity, your audit department will not bepleased when you tell them that you cannot read his encryptedmessages. Of course, an intelligent criminal won't send youthe ID file with the private key that she uses for clandestineactivity, but at least if you have the ID file in the recoverydatabase, the audit department will know you did everythingpossible.
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If Billy opens the message and choosesActions - Accept Recovery Information but then cancels out of theBackup ID dialog box, the ID will be recoverable, but a currentcopy of the ID file will not be in the recovery database. Thismeans that the following information will not be available:
In other words, Billy and you are inalmost the same predicament as if he hadn't done anything atall. The only advantage is that someone could possibly make a copyof the ID file on Billy's workstation and send it to you andthen you could recover it-not an option when the ID file isat the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico.
The moral is that you should nevershortcut the first step-telling users about ID Recovery. It'simportant to impress the importance of ID Recovery on your usersand to make sure they follow through. In fact, it's much better foryou-and for everyone else-if you keep track of whichusers have sent in their recoverable IDs and harass the othersuntil they do too.
Also, if people in your organizationuse S/MIME or other X.509 certificates, it is a good idea to repeatthe recovery process every few months to keep this informationup-to-date. Otherwise, normal recertification will take care ofkeeping the stored user IDs current.
So far, we've discussed setting up IDRecovery and showed you that once the recovery was enabled, itwould place the recovery data in new user IDs. We also showed youhow to harvest and enable IDs that were created before ID Recoverywas implemented. Now we can turn our attention to how you actuallyrecover an ID.
Before ID Recovery, it didn'tmatter whether the user had lost the ID file or had only forgottenthe password-in either case, if you had a backup of the IDfile with a known password, you could send it to the user, eitherby sneaker net or by sending the file to the user's localadministrator or manager. Otherwise, you would have to give theuser a totally new ID file.
With ID Recovery in place, the processof recovering from a forgotten password is different than fromrecovering from a lost ID. When the user has only forgotten thepassword, the whole recovery process can take place over the phone,which means that if the administration team is available, the usercan be back in business in minutes. If the ID file is at the bottomof the Gulf of Mexico, the physical ID file has to be delivered tothe user, but at least all the certificates and private keys arecurrent.
The basic process has foursteps:
Here are the steps indetail.
This step is simple. You:
This step is also straightforward:
At this point, you have essentially two choices: You can read the recovery passwords to the user over the phone or you can recover the ID yourself, assign an easier password, and send the ID and password to the user's administrator or manager. Some users have so much trouble entering a 16-character random string that they actually prefer to wait and get the ID file itself with an easier password, or your organization may expect local administrators to do the recovery for the user.
Actual recovery of the ID file canoccur under either scenario, with either you recovering the IDyourself or the user recovering the ID with the recoveryinformation you give them.
If you, as an administrator, are goingto recover the ID file for the user, you can follow thesesteps:
If, on the other hand, the user isgoing to recover her own ID file, the File - Tools - User ID -Recover ID won't work, because she can't use her Notesclient without knowing the password to the ID file. The solution issimple, but not necessarily obvious. To recover an ID file when youcan't get into the Notes client:
Whether you have recovered the user'sID, reset her password, and sent her the ID file or she has donethe recovery herself, if she is running Windows NT or Windows 2000and the Domino synchronization code, there is one more step totake. The user will be prompted to synchronize the Windows andNotes passwords, either right after she finishes setting therecovered ID's new password or when she first uses the recoveredID.
The user should follow the directionsin the message to synchronize the passwords.