Filevault 2 Generate New Recovery Key
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Issuing a New FileVault 2 Recovery Key. Log in to the JSS with a web browser. Click Computers at the top of the page. Click Policies. On a smartphone or iPod touch, this option is in the pop-up menu. Use the General payload to configure basic settings for the policy, including the trigger and execution frequency. Nov 30, 2018 Learn how to create and deploy a FileVault recovery key for Mac computers in your company, school, or other institution. If you're using FileVault in Mac OS X Snow Leopard, you can upgrade to FileVault 2 by upgrading to OS X Lion or later. After upgrading OS X, open FileVault preferences and follow the onscreen instructions to upgrade FileVault.

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FileVault
FileVault in the System Preferences under Security
Other namesDisk encryption software
Operating systemmacOS
LicenseProprietary

For Recovery key type, only Personal key is supported. Consider adding a message to help guide end-users on how to retrieve the recovery key for their device. This information can be useful for your end-users when you use the setting for Personal recovery key rotation, which can automatically generate a new recovery key for a device periodically.

FileVault is a disk encryption program in Mac OS X 10.3 (2003) and later. It performs on-the-fly encryption with volumes on Maccomputers.

Versions and key features[edit]

FileVault was introduced with Mac OS X Panther (10.3),[1] and could only be applied to a user's home directory, not the startup volume. The operating system uses an encrypted sparse disk image (a large single file) to present a volume for the home directory. Mac OS X Leopard and Mac OS X Snow Leopard use more modern sparse bundle disk images[2] which spread the data over 8 MB files (called bands) within a bundle. Apple refers to this original iteration of FileVault as legacy FileVault.[3]

Mac OS X Lion (2011) and newer offer FileVault 2,[3] which is a significant redesign. This encrypts the entire OS X startup volume and typically includes the home directory, abandoning the disk image approach. For this approach to disk encryption, authorised users' information is loaded from a separate non-encrypted boot volume[4] (partition/slice type Apple_Boot).

FileVault[edit]

The original version of FileVault was added in Mac OS X Panther to encrypt a user's home directory.

Master passwords and recovery keys[edit]

When FileVault is enabled the system invites the user to create a master password for the computer. If a user password is forgotten, the master password or recovery key may be used to decrypt the files instead.

Migration[edit]

Migration of FileVault home directories is subject to two limitations:[5]

Filevault Generate New Recovery Key

  • there must be no prior migration to the target computer
  • the target must have no existing user accounts.
Filevault

If Migration Assistant has already been used or if there are user accounts on the target:

  • before migration, FileVault must be disabled at the source.

If transferring FileVault data from a previous Mac that uses 10.4 using the built-in utility to move data to a new machine, the data continues to be stored in the old sparse image format, and the user must turn FileVault off and then on again to re-encrypt in the new sparse bundle format.

Manual encryption[edit]

Instead of using FileVault to encrypt a user's home directory, using Disk Utility a user can create an encrypted disk image themselves and store any subset of their home directory in there (for example, ~/Documents/private). This encrypted image behaves similar to a Filevault encrypted home directory, but is under the user's maintenance.

Encrypting only a part of a user's home directory might be problematic when applications need access to the encrypted files, which will not be available until the user mounts the encrypted image. This can be mitigated to a certain extent by making symbolic links for these specific files.

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Limitations and issues[edit]

Backups[edit]

These limitations apply to versions of Mac OS X prior to v10.7 only.

Without Mac OS X Server, Time Machine will back up a FileVault home directory only while the user is logged out. In such cases, Time Machine is limited to backing up the home directory in its entirety. Using Mac OS X Server as a Time Machine destination, backups of FileVault home directories occur while users are logged in.

Because FileVault restricts the ways in which other users' processes can access the user's content, some third party backup solutions can back up the contents of a user's FileVault home directory only if other parts of the computer (including other users' home directories) are excluded.[6][7]

Issues[edit]

Several shortcomings were identified in Legacy FileVault. Its security can be broken by cracking either 1024-bit RSA or 3DES-EDE.

Legacy FileVault used the CBC mode of operation (see disk encryption theory); FileVault 2 uses stronger XTS-AESW mode. Another issue is storage of keys in the macOS 'safe sleep' mode.[8] A study published in 2008 found data remanence in dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), with data retention of seconds to minutes at room temperature and much longer times when memory chips were cooled to low temperature. The study authors were able to use a cold boot attack to recover cryptographic keys for several popular disk encryption systems, including FileVault, by taking advantage of redundancy in the way keys are stored after they have been expanded for efficient use, such as in key scheduling. The authors recommend that computers be powered down, rather than be left in a 'sleep' state, when not in physical control by the owner.[9]

Early versions of FileVault automatically stored the user's passphrase in the system keychain, requiring the user to notice and manually disable this security hole.

In 2006, following a talk at the 23rd Chaos Communication Congress titled Unlocking FileVault: An Analysis of Apple's Encrypted Disk Storage System, Jacob Appelbaum & Ralf-Philipp Weinmann released VileFault which decrypts encrypted Mac OS X disk image files.[10]

A free space wipe using Disk Utility left a large portion of previously deleted file remnants intact. Similarly, FileVault compact operations only wiped small parts of previously deleted data.[11]

FileVault 2[edit]

Security[edit]

FileVault uses the user's login password as the encryption pass phrase. It uses the AES-XTS mode of AES with 128 bit blocks and a 256 bit key to encrypt the disk, as recommended by NIST.[12][13] Only unlock-enabled users can start or unlock the drive. Once unlocked, other users may also use the computer until it is shut down.[3]

Performance[edit]

The I/O performance penalty for using FileVault 2 was found to be in the order of around 3% when using CPUs with the AES instruction set, such as the Intel Core i and MacOS 10.10.3.[14] Performance deterioration will be larger for CPUs without this instruction set, such as older Core CPUs.

Master passwords and recovery keys[edit]

When FileVault 2 is enabled while the system is running, the system creates and displays a recovery key for the computer, and optionally offers the user to store the key with Apple. The 120 bit recovery key is encoded with all letters and numbers 1 through 9, and read from /dev/random, and therefore relies on the security of the PRNG used in macOS. During a cryptanalysis in 2012, this mechanism was found safe.[15]

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Changing the recovery key is not possible without re-encrypting the File Vault volume.[3]

Validation[edit]

Jamf Filevault Recovery Key

Users who use FileVault 2 in OS X 10.9 and above can validate their key correctly works after encryption by running sudo fdesetup validaterecovery in Terminal after encryption has finished. The key must be in form xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx and will return true if correct.[16]

Starting the OS with FileVault 2 without a user account[edit]

If a volume to be used for startup is erased and encrypted before clean installation of OS X 10.7.4 or 10.8:

  • there is a password for the volume
  • the clean system will immediately behave as if FileVault was enabled after installation
  • there is no recovery key, no option to store the key with Apple (but the system will behave as if a key was created)
  • when the computer is started, Disk Password will appear at the EfiLoginUI – this may be used to unlock the volume and start the system
  • the running system will present the traditional login window.

Apple describes this type of approach as Disk Password—based DEK.[12]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^'Apple Previews Mac OS X 'Panther''. Apple Press Info. Apple. June 23, 2003. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  2. ^ScottW (November 5, 2007). 'Live FileVault and Sparse Bundle Backups in Leopard'. macosx.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  3. ^ abcdApple Inc (August 9, 2012). 'OS X: About FileVault 2'. Apple Inc. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  4. ^Apple Inc (August 17, 2012). 'Best Practices for Deploying FileVault 2'(PDF). Apple Inc. p. 40. Archived from the original(PDF) on August 22, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  5. ^'Archived - Mac OS X 10.3, 10.4: Transferring data with Setup Assistant / Migration Assistant FAQ'. Apple support. Apple. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  6. ^'Using Encrypted Disks'. CrashPlan PROe support. CrashPlan PROe. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  7. ^'Using CrashPlan with FileVault'. CrashPlan support. CrashPlan. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
  8. ^Jacob Appelbaum, Ralf-Philipp Weinmann (December 29, 2006). 'Unlocking FileVault: An Analysis of Apple's disk encryption'(PDF). Retrieved March 31, 2007.Cite journal requires journal= (help)
  9. ^J. Alex Halderman; et al. (February 2008). 'Lest We Remember: Cold Boot Attacks on Encryption Keys'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on May 14, 2008.Cite journal requires journal= (help)
  10. ^'Unlocking FileVault: An analysis of Apple's disk encryption system'(PDF).
  11. ^'File Vault's Dirty Little Secrets'.
  12. ^ abApple, Inc (August 17, 2012). 'Best Practices for Deploying FileVault 2'(PDF). Apple, Inc. p. 28. Archived from the original(PDF) on August 22, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  13. ^Dworkin, Morris (January 2010). 'Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The XTS-AES Mode for Confidentiality on Storage Devices'(PDF). NIST Special Publication (800–3E).
  14. ^'Tech ARP - How Fast is the 512 GB PCIe X4 SSD in the 2015 MacBook Pro?'.
  15. ^Choudary, Omar; Felix Grobert; Joachim Metz (July 2012). 'Infiltrate the Vault: Security Analysis and Decryption of Lion Full Disk Encryption'. Retrieved January 19, 2013.Cite journal requires journal= (help)
  16. ^'fdesetup(8) Mac OS X Manual Page'. Apple. August 21, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FileVault&oldid=948339609'

Filevault 2 Mac

If you've [enabled two-step verification](for your iCloud account, you already know that if you ever forget your password, you'll need your iCloud recovery key in order to reset it. If you've lost the printout containing your key, you should immediately generate a new one in case your key falls into the wrong hands. As long as you know your current password, you can replace your iCloud recovery key in just a few minutes.

Filevault 2 Generate New Recovery Key Free

Keep in mind that this only works if you know your password. If you've already lost your password, this won't help you.

How to generate a new iCloud recovery key

  1. Go to appleid.apple.com from any web browser.
  2. Click on Manage your Apple ID.
  3. Sign in with your Apple ID on the next screen in order to continue.
  4. Choose one of the methods to verify your identity.
  5. Enter the verification code that was sent to one of your trusted devices or by text message in order to proceed.
  6. Click on Password and Security in the left hand navigation.
  7. Click on Replace Lost Key.
  8. Click Next.
  9. Save your new recovery key in a safe place. Your old one will no longer work.
  10. Confirm your new recovery key in order to activate it.

That's all there is to it. When it comes to storing your recovery key, we recommend any one of the following:

  • Print it out or write it down and store it in a locked safe
  • Keep it in a secure password manager such as 1Password

It's important to remember that anyone who has access to your recovery key is one step closer to gaining access to your iCloud account. So it's extremely important to protect it. If you ever suspect that someone has accessed your key that shouldn't, you should generate a new key immediately.

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Filevault 2 Create New Recovery Key

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