Here is a high-level description of how this library works. Any discrepancybetween this documentation and the actual implementation will be considereda security bug.
Let's start with the following definitions:
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- Dec 23, 2015 Generate a 32 byte key, properly #1274 GrahamCampbell merged 1 commit into master from generate-right-key Dec 23, 2015 Conversation 1 Commits 1 Checks 0 Files changed.
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- HKDF-SHA256(k, n, info, s) is the key derivation function specified inRFC 5869 (using the SHA256 hash function). The parameters are:
- k: The initial keying material.
- n: The number of output bytes.
- info: The info string.
- s: The salt.
- AES-256-CTR(m, k, iv) is AES-256 encryption in CTR mode. The parametersare:
- m: An arbitrary-length (possibly zero-length) message.
- k: A 32-byte key.
- iv: A 16-byte initialization vector (nonce).
- PBKDF2-SHA256(p, s, i, n) is the password-based key derivationfunction defined in RFC 2898 (using the SHA256 hash function). The parametersare:
- p: The password string.
- s: The salt string.
- i: The iteration count.
- n: The output length in bytes.
- VERSION is the string
'xDExF5x02x00'. - AUTHINFO is the string
'DefusePHP V2 KeyForAuthentication'. - ENCRINFO is the string
'DefusePHP V2 KeyForEncryption'.
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To encrypt a message m using a 32-byte key k, the following steps are taken:
- Generate a random 32-byte string salt.
- Derive the 32-byte authentication key akey = HKDF-SHA256(k, 32, AUTHINFO, salt).
- Derive the 32-byte encryption key ekey = HKDF-SHA256(k, 32, ENCRINFO, salt).
- Generate a random 16-byte initialization vector iv.
- Compute c = AES-256-CTR(m, ekey, iv).
- Combine ctxt = VERSION saltivc.
- Compute h = HMAC-SHA256(ctxt, akey).
- Output ctxth.
Decryption is roughly the reverse process (see the code for details, since thesecurity of the decryption routine is highly implementation-dependent).
For encryption using a password p, steps 1-3 above are replaced by:
Generate 32 Byte Key Php Download
- Generate a random 32-byte string salt.
- Compute k = PBKDF2-SHA256(SHA256(p), salt, 100000, 32).
- Derive the 32-byte authentication key akey = HKDF-SHA256(k, 32, AUTHINFO, salt)
- Derive the 32-byte encryption key ekey = HKDF-SHA256(k, 32, ENCRINFO, salt)
The remainder of the process is the same. Notice the reuse of the same saltfor PBKDF2-SHA256 and HKDF-SHA256. The prehashing of the password in step 2 isdone to prevent a DoS attack using longpasswords.
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Generate 32 Byte Key Php File
For KeyProtectedByPassword, the serialized key is encrypted according to thepassword encryption defined above. However, the actual password used forencryption is the SHA256 hash of the password the user provided. This is done inorder to provide domain separation between the message encryption in the user'sapplication and the internal key encryption done by this library. It fixesa key replacement chosen-protocolattack.