Jun 14, 2018 Creating your own RESTful API can be a great way to build a business around data you’ve collected or a service you’ve created, or it can just be a fun personal project that allows you to learn a new skill. Here’s a list of 20 tutorials on how to design your own REST API! This list has been sorted by the programming language used in the tutorial, which makes it easy to find the perfect. We now have methods for generating and validating tokens. However, how does the token get passed to these methods? We know that our client will be calling REST web service API methods. Since our REST web service is an MVC.NET controller, we can check the token parameter in each controller method. If the Parse SDK is available for your client platform, we recommend using our SDK instead of the REST API. If you must call the REST API directly from the client, you should use the corresponding client-side Parse key for that plaform (e.g. Client Key for iOS/Android, or.NET Key for Windows/Xamarin/Unity). The nice thing is that they provide many tools to handle security issues, e.g.: to generate API keys, to salt and encrypt, etc. Take a look on their tutorials, they are in general very good. There are other frameworks, namely Java EE has support for security and also Spring provides support for security.
Table Of Contents
If you are writing any form of web application, then you are most likelyinterfacing with 1 or more REST APIs in order to populate the dynamicparts of your application and to perform tasks such as updating or deletingdata within a database.
In this tutorial, you are going to be building a fully-fledged REST APIthat exposes GET, POST, DELETE and PUT endpoints that will subsequentlyallow you to perform the full range of CRUD operations.
In order to keep this simple and focus on the basic concepts, we won’t be interactingwith any backend database technologies to store the articles that we’ll beplaying with. However, we will be writing this REST API in such a way that it willbe easy to update the functions we will be defining so that they make subsequentcalls to a database to perform any necessary CRUD operations.
If you wish to learn more about how you can use Go to interact with Databases,you can check out the following articles:
Source Code - The full source code for this article can be found here:TutorialEdge/create-rest-api-in-go-tutorial
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- You will need Go version 1.11+ installed on your development machine.
By the end of this tutorial, you will know how to create your own REST-fulAPIs in Go that can handle all aspects of. You will know how to createREST endpoints within your project that can handle POST, GET, PUT andDELETE HTTP requests.
REST is everywhere these days, from websites to enterprise applications, theRESTful architecture style is a powerful way of providing communication betweenseparate software components. Building REST APIs allow you to easily decoupleboth consumers and producers and are typically stateless by design.
Note - If you wish to learn more about the basics of REST APIs then checkout What Are RESTful APIs?
JSON
For the purpose of this tutorial I’ll be using JavaScript Object Notation as ameans of sending and receiving all information and thankfully Go comes with someexcellent support for encoding and decoding these formats using the standardlibrary package, encoding/json.
Note - For more information on the encoding/json package check out theofficial documentation:encoding/json
Marshalling
In order for us to easily We can easily convert data structures in GO into JSONby using something called marshalling which produces a byte slice containing avery long string with no extraneous white space.
To get started we will have to create a very simple server which can handle HTTPrequests. To do this we’ll create a new file called main.go. Within thismain.go file we’ll want to define 3 distinct functions. A homePage functionthat will handle all requests to our root URL, a handleRequests function thatwill match the URL path hit with a defined function and a main function whichwill kick off our API.
If we run this on our machine now, we should see our very simple API start up onport 10000 if it’s not already been taken by another process. If we now navigateto http://localhost:10000/ in our local browser we should seeWelcome to the HomePage! print out on our screen. This means we havesuccessfully created the base from which we’ll build our REST API.
Note - If you want a more in-depth tutorial on how to create a go basedweb server then check out this tutorial here:Creating a SimpleWeb Server with Go(Lang)
We’ll be creating a REST API that allows us to CREATE, READ, UPDATE andDELETE the articles on our website. When we talk about CRUD APIs we arereferring to an API that can handle all of these tasks: Creating, Reading,Updating and Deleting.
Before we can get started, we’ll have to define our Article structure. Go hasthis concept of structs that are perfect for just this scenario. Let’s create anArticle struct that features a Title, a Description (desc) and Content likeso:
Our Struct contains the 3 properties we need to represent all of the articles onour site. In order for this to work, we’ll also have to import the'encoding/json' package into our list of imports.
Let’s now update our main function so that our Articles variable is populatedwith some dummy data that we can retrieve and modify later on.
Perfect, let’s now move on to creating our /articles endpoint which willreturn all of the articles that we’ve just defined here.
In this part of the tutorial we are going to create a new REST endpoint which,when hit with a HTTP GET request, will return all of the articles for our site.
We’ll first start off by creating a new function called returnAllArticles, whichwill do the simple task of returning our newly populated Articles variable, encodedin JSON format:
The call to json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(article) does the job of encoding our articlesarray into a JSON string and then writing as part of our response.
Before this will work, we’ll also need to add a new route to our handleRequestsfunction that will map any calls to http://localhost:10000/articles to our newlydefined function.
Now that we’ve done this, run the code by typing go run main.go and then openup http://localhost:10000/articles in your browser and you should see a JSONrepresentation of your list of articles like so:
We’ve successfully defined our first API endpoint.
In the next part of this series, you are going to update your REST APIto use a gorilla/mux router instead of the traditional net/http router.
Swapping the routers will enable you to more easily perform tasks such asparsing any path or query parameters that may reside within an incomingHTTP request which we will need later on.
Now the standard library is adequate at providing everything you need to getyour own simple REST API up and running but now that we’ve got the basicconcepts down I feel it’s time to introduce third-party router packages. Themost notable and highly used is thegorilla/mux router which, as it standscurrently has 2,281 stars on Github.
Building our Router
We can update our existing main.go file and swap in a gorilla/muxbased HTTP router in place of the standard library one which was presentbefore.
Modify your handleRequests function so that it creates a new router.
When you now run this, you will see no real change to the way our systemworks. It will still start up on the same port and return the sameresults depending on what endpoints you hit.
The only real difference is that we now have a gorilla/mux router whichwill allow us to easily do things such as retrieve path and query parameterslater on in this tutorial.
Path Variables
So far so good, we’ve created a very simple REST API that returns a homepage andall our Articles. But what happens if we want to just view one article?
Well, thanks to the gorilla mux router we can add variables to our paths and thenpick and choose what articles we want to return based on these variables. Create anew route within your handleRequests() function just below our /articles route:
Notice that we’ve added {id} to our path. This will represent our id variablethat we’ll be able to use when we wish to return only the article that featuresthat exact key. For now, our Article struct doesn’t feature an Id property.Let’s add that now:
We can then update our main function to populate our Id values in ourArticles array:
Now that we’ve done that, in our returnSingleArticle function we can obtainthis {id} value from our URL and we can return the article that matches thiscriteria. As we haven’t stored our data anywhere we’ll just be returning the Idthat was passed to the browser.
If we navigate to http://localhost:1000/article/1after we’ve now run this, youshould see Key: 1 being printed out within the browser.
Let’s use this key value to return the specific article that matches that key.
Run that by calling go run main.go and then open up http://localhost:10000/article/1in your browser:
You will now see the article matching the key 1 returned as JSON.
In this part of the tutorial, you are going to build the Create, Update andDELETE part of a CRUD REST API. We have already covered the R with the abilityto read both single articles and all articles.
Creating new Articles
Once again, you will need to create a new function which will do the job of creatingthis new article.
Let’s start off by creating a createNewArticle() function within our main.go file.
With this function defined, you can now add the route to the list of routes definedwithin the handleRequests function. This time however, we’ll be adding .Methods('POST')to the end of our route to specify that we only want to call this function whenthe incoming request is a HTTP POST request:
Try running this again and then try submitting a HTTP POST request whichcontains the following POST body:
Our endpoint will trigger and subsequently echo back whatever value was inthe request body.
Now that you have validated your new endpoint is working correctly, let’supdate our createNewArticle function so that it unmarshals the JSON in therequest body into a new Article struct which can subsequently be appendedto our Articles array:
Awesome! If you run this now and send the same POST request to your application,you will see that it echoes back the same JSON format as before, but it alsoappends the new Article to your Articles array.
Validate this now by hitting the http://localhost:10000/articles:
You have now successfully added a Create function to your new REST API!
In the next section of this tutorial, you are going to look at how you canadd a new API Endpoint which will allow you to delete Articles.
Deleting Articles
There may be times where you need to delete the data being exposed by yourREST API. In order to do this, you need to expose a DELETE endpoint withinyour API that will take in an identifier and delete whatever is associated withthat identifier.
In this section of this tutorial, you are going to be creating another endpointwhich receives HTTP DELETE requests and deletes articles if they match the givenId path parameter.
Add a new function to your main.go file which we will call deleteArticle:
Once again, you will need to add a route to the handleRequests function whichmaps to this new deleteArticle function:
Try sending a new HTTP DELETE request to http://localhost:10000/article/2. Thiswill delete the second article within your Articles array and when you subsequentlyhit http://localhost:10000/articles with a HTTP GET request, you should see itnow only contains a single Article.
Note - To keep this simple, we are updating a global variable. However, we aren’tdoing any checks to ensure that our code is free of race conditions. In order to make thiscode thread-safe, I recommend checking out my other tutorial on Go Mutexes
Updating Articles Endpoint
The final endpoint you will need to implement is the Update endpoint. This endpointwill be a HTTP PUT based endpoint and will need to take in an Id path parameter,the same way we have done for our HTTP DELETE endpoint, as well as a JSON requestbody.
This JSON in the body of the incoming HTTP PUT request will contain the newer versionof the article that we want to update.
Challenge
Try create an updateArticle function and corresponding route in thehandleRequests function. This will match to PUT requests. Once you have this,implement the updateArticle function so that it parses the HTTP request body,using the same code that you used in your createNewArticle function.
Finally, you will have to loop over the articles in your Articles array and matchand subsequently update the article.
This example represents a very simple RESTful API written using Go. In a realproject, we’d typically tie this up with a database so that we were returningreal values.
Source Code - The full source code for this tutorial can be found here:TutorialEdge/create-rest-api-in-go
Further Reading
If you enjoyed this article, then you may also enjoy the following tutorials:
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RegisterorLog In-->This section shows how to programmatically generate a SAS token for using the Event Hubs REST APIs.
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Note: The following snippet requires OpenSSL and jq.
Using the Shared Access Signature (at HTTP level)
Now that you know how to create Shared Access Signatures for any entities in Service Bus, you are ready to perform an HTTP POST:
Remember, this SAS key works for everything. You can create SAS for a queue, topic, subscription, Event Hub, or relay. If you use per-publisher identity for Event Hubs, you can append /publishers/< publisherid>.
Parse Server Rest Api
If you give a sender or client a SAS token, they don't have the key directly, and they cannot reverse the hash to obtain it. As such, you have control over what they can access, and for how long. An important thing to remember is that if you change the primary key in the policy, any Shared Access Signatures created from it is invalidated.