Key generation is the process of generating keys in cryptography. A key is used to encrypt and decrypt whatever data is being encrypted/decrypted. A device or program used to generate keys is called a key generator or keygen. A single key is used both to encrypt/authenticate and verify/decrypt messages. For this reason, it is critical to keep the key confidential. The nonce doesn't have to be confidential, but it should never ever be reused with the same key. The easiest way to generate a nonce is to use randombytesbuf. Messages encrypted are assumed to be. One of the first things you do when creating a new Symfony 2 project is setting your 'secret'. This secret string is 40 random characters that is used for CSRF protection. It would be nice if Symfony just generated one for you. I can't imagine how many projects use the secret key ThisTokenIsNotSoSecretChangeIt. Since this lesson assumes that you don't yet have such keys, you are going to create a keystore named examplestore and create an entry with a newly generated public/private key pair (with the public key in a certificate). Type the following command in your command window to create a keystore named examplestore and to generate keys.
If a code signer does not yet have a suitable private key for signing the code, the key must first be generated, along with a corresponding public key that can be used by the code receiver's runtime system to verify the signature.
Since this lesson assumes that you don't yet have such keys, you are going to create a keystore named examplestore
and create an entry with a newly generated public/private key pair (with the public key in a certificate).
Type the following command in your command window to create a keystore named examplestore
and to generate keys:
You will be prompted to enter passwords for the key and keystore.
Let's look at what each of the keytool
subparts mean.
Note: For security reasons you should not set your key or keystore passwords on the command line, because they can be intercepted more easily that way.
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If you use the preceding keystore
command, you will be prompted for your distinguished-name information. Following are the prompts; the bold indicates what you should type.
The keytool
command creates the keystore named examplestore
(if it doesn't already exist) in the same directory in which the command is executed. The command generates a public/private key pair for the entity whose distinguished name has a common name of Susan Jones and the organizational unit of Purchasing.
The command creates a self-signed certificate that includes the public key and the distinguished-name information. (The distinguished name you supply will be used as the 'subject' field in the certificate.) This certificate will be valid for 90 days, the default validity period if you don't specify a -validity option. The certificate is associated with the private key in a keystore entry referred to by the alias signFiles
.
Self-signed certificates are useful for developing and testing an application. However, users are warned that the application is signed with an untrusted certificate and asked if they want to run the application. To provide users with more confidence to run your application, use a certificate issued by a recognized certificate authority.
Note: The command could be shorter if option defaults are accepted or you wish to be prompted for various values. Whenever you execute a keytool
command, defaults are used for unspecified options that have default values, and you are prompted for any required values. For the genkey
command, options with default values include alias (whose default is mykey
), validity (90 days), and keystore (the file named .keystore
in your home directory). Required values include dname, storepass, and keypass.