In this Java tutorial we will see about what PBE is and how we can use it in Java to encrypt and decrypt a file. In Password based encryption (PBE), a password is chosen and it is used along with a generated salt (key) to encrypt. Then the same password is used along with the.
Java Keytool is a key and certificate management tool that is used to manipulate Java Keystores, and is included with Java. A Java Keystore is a container for authorization certificates or public key certificates, and is often used by Java-based applications for encryption, authentication, and serving over HTTPS. Its entries are protected by a keystore password. A keystore entry is identified by an alias, and it consists of keys and certificates that form a trust chain.
This cheat sheet-style guide provides a quick reference to keytool
commands that are commonly useful when working with Java Keystores. This includes creating and modifying Java Keystores so they can be used with your Java applications.
How to Use This Guide:
symbol) for clarityThis section covers Java Keytool commands that are related to generating key pairs and certificates, and importing certificates.
Use this method if you want to use HTTP (HTTP over TLS) to secure your Java application. This will create a new key pair in a new or existing Java Keystore, which can be used to create a CSR, and obtain an SSL certificate from a Certificate Authority. Key generator for nuance power pdf advanced serial.
This command generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, under the specified alias (domain
), in the specified keystore file (keystore.jks
):
If the specified keystore does not already exist, it will be created after the requested information is supplied. This will prompt for the keystore password (new or existing), followed by a Distinguished Name prompt (for the private key), then the desired private key password.
Use this method if you want to generate an CSR that you can send to a CA to request the issuance of a CA-signed SSL certificate. It requires that the keystore and alias already exist; you can use the previous command to ensure this.
This command creates a CSR (domain.csr
) signed by the private key identified by the alias (domain
) in the (keystore.jks
) keystore:
After entering the keystore’s password, the CSR will be generated.
Use this method if you want to import a signed certificate, e.g. a certificate signed by a CA, into your keystore; it must match the private key that exists in the specified alias. You may also use this same command to import root or intermediate certificates that your CA may require to complete a chain of trust. Simply specify a unique alias, such as root
instead of domain
, and the certificate that you want to import.
This command imports the certificate (domain.crt
) into the keystore (keystore.jks
), under the specified alias (domain
). If you are importing a signed certificate, it must correspond to the private key in the specified alias:
You will be prompted for the keystore password, then for a confirmation of the import action.
Note: You may also use the command to import a CA’s certificates into your Java truststore, which is typically located in $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security/cacerts
assuming $JAVA_HOME
is where your JRE or JDK is installed.
Use this command if you want to generate a self-signed certificate for your Java applications. This is actually the same command that is used to create a new key pair, but with the validity lifetime specified in days.
This command generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, valid for 365
days, under the specified alias (domain
), in the specified keystore file (keystore.jks
):
If the specified keystore does not already exist, it will be created after the requested information is supplied. This will prompt for the keystore password (new or existing), followed by a Distinguished Name prompt (for the private key), then the desired private key password.
This section covers listing the contents of a Java Keystore, such as viewing certificate information or exporting certificates.
This command lists the SHA fingerprints of all of the certificates in the keystore (keystore.jks
), under their respective aliases:
You will be prompted for the keystore’s password. You may also restrict the output to a specific alias by using the -alias domain
option, where “domain” is the alias name.
This command lists verbose information about the entries a keystore (keystore.jks
) contains, including certificate chain length, fingerprint of certificates in the chain, distinguished names, serial number, and creation/expiration date, under their respective aliases:
You will be prompted for the keystore’s password. You may also restrict the output to a specific alias by using the -alias domain
option, where “domain” is the alias name.
Note: You may also use this command to view which certificates are in your Java truststore, which is typically located in $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security/cacerts
assuming $JAVA_HOME
is where your JRE or JDK is installed.
This command prints verbose information about a certificate file (certificate.crt
), including its fingerprints, distinguished name of owner and issuer, and the time period of its validity:
You will be prompted for the keystore password.
This command exports a binary DER-encoded certificate (domain.der
), that is associated with the alias (domain
), in the keystore (keystore.jks
):
You will be prompted for the keystore password. If you want to convert the DER-encoded certificate to PEM-encoding, follow our OpenSSL cheat sheet.
This section covers the modification of Java Keystore entries, such as deleting or renaming aliases.
This command is used to change the password of a keystore (keystore.jks
):
You will be prompted for the current password, then the new password. You may also specify the new password in the command by using the -new newpass
option, where “newpass” is the password.
This command is used to delete an alias (domain
) in a keystore (keystore.jks
):
You will be prompted for the keystore password.
This command will rename the alias (domain
) to the destination alias (newdomain
) in the keystore (keystore.jks
):
You will be prompted for the keystore password.
That should cover how most people use Java Keytool to manipulate their Java Keystores. It has many other uses that were not covered here, so feel free to ask or suggest other uses in the comments.
This tutorial is based on the version of keystore that ships with Java 1.7.0 update 65. For help installing Java on Ubuntu, follow this guide.
HowToDoInJavaBy Lokesh Gupta Filed Under: Java SecurityLearn to use Java AES 256 bit encryption to create secure passwords, and decryption for password validation. To read simple AES encryption, read linked post.
AES is a symmetric encryption algorithm. It was intended to be easy to implement in hardware and software, as well as in restricted environments and offer good defenses against various attack techniques.
AES is block cipher capable of handling 128 bit blocks, using keys sized at 128, 192, and 256 bits. Each cipher encrypts and decrypts data in blocks of 128 bits using cryptographic keys of 128-, 192- and 256-bits, respectively. It uses the same key for encrypting and decrypting, so the sender and the receiver must both know — and use — the same secret key.
In below encryption and decryption example, I have used base64 encoding in UTF-8 charset. It is done for displaying the output of program. If your application, you can store and validate the data in byte array format as well.
Java program to encrypt a password (or any information) using AES 256 bits.
Do not forget to use same secret key and salt in encryption and decryption.
Java program to decrypt a password (or any information) using AES 256 bits.
Let’s test our AES256 encryption and decryption methods with a simple string.
Program output.
Clearly, we are able to use AES256 encryption to encrypt a string, and decryption to get back original string from encrypted string.
Happy Learning !!
Key quest token code generator. Key Quest codes The codes for Key Quest tokens come from Neopets merchandise. They are from both plushies and trading cards. Thanks to ann326 and mysticalnyte we now know a 5 inch plushie indeed contains a Key Quest Code for the corresponding neopet token. They also provided us with screenshots of redeeming their Key Quest codes. In order to play Key Quest, you will need a token. This token will serve as your game piece as you play. If you have more than one token, you have the option to select which token you would like to use every time you begin a game. This is done through your Quick List, which shows up in the Key Quest application.
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What is AES?