Openssl Generate Aes Key From Passphrase

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While Encrypting a File with a Password from the Command Line using OpenSSLis very useful in its own right, the real power of the OpenSSL library is itsability to support the use of public key cryptograph for encrypting orvalidating data in an unattended manner (where the password is not required toencrypt) is done with public keys.

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Openssl Passin

The Commands to Run

Nov 30, 2011 OpenSSL AES CBC 256 in.NET for interop with Ruby. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

We have a set of public and private keys and certificates on the server. The problem is that while public encryption works fine, the passphrase for the.key file got lost. So, when trying to execute the following command: openssl rsa -in the.key It will obviously ask for the passphrase. Is it possible to get the lost passphrase somehow?
Yes, it is possible to deterministically generate public/private RSA key pairs from passphrases. For even passable security, the passphrase must be processed by a key-stretching function, such as Scrypt (or the better known but less recommendable PBKDF2 ), and salt (at least, user id) must enter the key-stretching.

Generate a 2048 bit RSA Key

You can generate a public and private RSA key pair like this:

openssl genrsa -des3 -out private.pem 2048

That generates a 2048-bit RSA key pair, encrypts them with a password you provideand writes them to a file. You need to next extract the public key file. You willuse this, for instance, on your web server to encrypt content so that it canonly be read with the private key.

Export the RSA Public Key to a File

This is a command that is

openssl rsa -in private.pem -outform PEM -pubout -out public.pem

The -pubout flag is really important. Be sure to include it.

Next open the public.pem and ensure that it starts with-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----. This is how you know that this file is thepublic key of the pair and not a private key.

To check the file from the command line you can use the less command, like this:

less public.pem

Do Not Run This, it Exports the Private Key

A previous version of the post gave this example in error.

openssl rsa -in private.pem -out private_unencrypted.pem -outform PEM

The error is that the -pubout was dropped from the end of the command.That changes the meaning of the command from that of exporting the public keyto exporting the private key outside of its encrypted wrapper. Inspecting theoutput file, in this case private_unencrypted.pem clearly shows that the keyis a RSA private key as it starts with -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----.

Visually Inspect Your Key Files

It is important to visually inspect you private and public key files to makesure that they are what you expect. OpenSSL will clearly explain the nature ofthe key block with a -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- or -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----.

You can use less to inspect each of your two files in turn:

less private.pem to verify that it starts with a -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
less public.pem to verify that it starts with a -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----

The next section shows a full example of what each key file should look like.

The Generated Key Files

The generated files are base64-encoded encryption keys in plain text format.If you select a password for your private key, its file will be encrypted withyour password. Be sure to remember this password or the key pair becomes useless.

The private.pem file looks something like this:

The public key, public.pem, file looks like:

Protecting Your Keys

Depending on the nature of the information you will protect, it’s important tokeep the private key backed up and secret. The public key can be distributedanywhere or embedded in your web application scripts, such as in your PHP,Ruby, or other scripts. Again, backup your keys!

Remember, if the key goes away the data encrypted to it is gone. Keeping aprinted copy of the key material in a sealed envelope in a bank safety depositbox is a good way to protect important keys against loss due to fire or harddrive failure. Mechanical keyboard sound effect.

Oh, and one last thing.

If you, dear reader, were planning any funny business with the private key that I have just published here. Know that they were made especially for this series of blog posts. I do not use them for anything else.

Openssl Generate Aes Key From Passphrase

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Symmetic encryption

For symmetic encryption, you can use the following:

Openssl Pkcs12 Password Argument

To encrypt:

To decrypt:

Asymmetric encryption

For Asymmetric encryption you must first generate your private key and extract the public key.

To encrypt:

Openssl Generate Aes Key Without Passphrase

To decrypt:

Encripting files

You can't directly encrypt a large file using rsautl. Instead, do the following:

Generate a key using openssl rand, e.g. openssl rand 32 -out keyfile.
Encrypt the key file using openssl rsautl.
Encrypt the data using openssl enc, using the generated key from step 1.
Package the encrypted key file with the encrypted data. The recipient will need to decrypt the key with their private key, then decrypt the data with the resulting key.

Ultimate solution for safe and high secured encode anyone file in OpenSSL and command-line:

Private key generation (encrypted private key):

With unecrypted private key:

With encrypted private key:

With existing encrypted (unecrypted) private key:

Encrypt a file

Encrypt binary file:

Encrypt text file:

What is what: