In this article you’ll find how to generate CSR (Certificate Signing Request) using OpenSSL from the Linux command line, without being prompted for values which go in the certificate’s subject field.
If your private key is compromised, it's game over. But I think you are asking what happens if a file containing an encrypted copy of your private key is compromised. In that case, the password must be cracked for the user to recover the private key. That is why a strong password and a slow key stretching operation are helpful.
Below you’ll find two examples of creating CSR using OpenSSL.
In the first example, i’ll show how to create both CSR and the new private key in one command.
And in the second example, you’ll find how to generate CSR from the existing key (if you already have the private key and want to keep it).
Both examples show how to create CSR using OpenSSL non-interactively (without being prompted for subject), so you can use them in any shell scripts.
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Use the following command to create a new private key 2048 bits in size example.key
and generate CSR example.csr
from it:
Option | Description |
---|---|
openssl req | certificate request generating utility |
-nodes | if a private key is created it will not be encrypted |
-newkey | creates a new certificate request and a new private key |
rsa:2048 | generates an RSA key 2048 bits in size |
-keyout | the filename to write the newly created private key to |
-out | specifies the output filename |
-subj | sets certificate subject |
Use the following command to generate CSR example.csr
from the private key example.key
:
Option | Description |
---|---|
openssl req | certificate request generating utility |
-new | generates a new certificate request |
-key | specifies the file to read the private key from |
-out | specifies the output filename |
-subj | sets certificate subject |
The magic of CSR generation without being prompted for values which go in the certificate’s subject field, is in the -subj
option.
-subj arg | Replaces subject field of input request with specified data and outputs modified request. The arg must be formatted as /type0=value0/type1=value1/type2=…, characters may be escaped by (backslash), no spaces are skipped. |
The fields, required in CSR are listed below:
Field | Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
/C= | Country | GB |
/ST= | State | London |
/L= | Location | London |
/O= | Organization | Global Security |
/OU= | Organizational Unit | IT Department |
/CN= | Common Name | example.com |
You’ve created encoded file with certificate signing request.
Now you can decode CSR to verify that it contains the correct information.
This is take straight from http://devsec.org/info/ssl-cert.html. I’m getting it on my blog, as a reference to myself, so I can make a key pair quickly in the future.
Make a new ssl private key:
* Generate a new unencrypted rsa private key in PEM format:
openssl genrsa -out privkey.pem 2048
You can create an encrypted key by adding the -des3 option.
#
To make a self-signed certificate:
* Create a certificate signing request (CSR) using your rsa private key:
openssl req -new -key privkey.pem -out certreq.csr
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( This is also the type of CSR you would create to send to a root CA for them to sign for you. )
* Self-sign your CSR with your own private key:
openssl x509 -req -in certreq.csr -signkey privkey.pem -out newcert.pem