Introduction
A Certificate Signing Request (CSR) is the first step in setting up an SSL Certificate on your website. SSL certificates are provided by Certificate Authorities (CA), which require a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
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This guide will instruct you on how to generate a Certificate Signing Request using OpenSSL.
Open a terminal window. Use your SSH connection to log into your remote server.
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Note: If you are working locally, you don’t need an SSH connection. Also, most Linux systems will launch a terminal window by pressing Ctrl-Alt-T or Ctrl-Alt-F1.
It is advised to issue a new private key each time you generate a CSR. Hence, the steps below instruct on how to generate both the private key and the CSR.
Make sure to replace your_domain with the actual domain you’re generating a CSR for.
The commands are broken out as follows:
Note: Use 2048-bit key pairs. The 4096-bit key pairs are more secure, however, they require a lot more server resources.
Your system should launch a text-based questionnaire for you to fill out.
Enter your information in the fields as follows:
Please take into account that Organization Name and Unit Name must not contain the following characters:
< > ~ ! @ # $ % ^ * / ( ) ?.,&
Once the software finishes, you should be able to find the CSR file in your working directory.
You can also enter the following:
The system should list out all certificate signing requests on the system. The one that matches the domain name you provided in Step 2 appended with the .csr extension is the one you need to look into.
You can open the .csr file in a text editor to find the alphanumeric code that was generated.
Enter the following command:
This text can be copied and pasted into a submittal form to request your SSL certificate from a Certificate Authority.
Make sure you copy the entire text. Some CAs may allow you to simply upload the .csr file you generated. Below is an example of a CSR.
You needn’t send the private key to the CA. Once you get your SSL certificate, the private key on the server will bind with it to encrypt communication.
Now you know how to generate an OpenSSL certificate signing request. Before submitting the CSR to a certificate authority, we recommend verifying the information it holds. Use one of the widely available online CSR decoders.
SSL is a crucial protocol for securing traffic between a website and its visitors. It helps to protect sensitive information online, such as credit card data.
Next, You Should Also Read:
Several tools exist to generate SSH public/private key pairs. The following sections show how to generate an SSH key pair on UNIX, UNIX-like and Windows platforms.
UNIX and UNIX-like platforms (including Solaris and Linux) include the ssh-keygen utility to generate SSH key pairs.
filename
your choice of file name for the private key:The ssh-keygen utility prompts you for a passphrase for the private key.
Note:
While a passphrase is not required, you should specify one as a security measure to protect the private key from unauthorized use. When you specify a passphrase, a user must enter the passphrase every time the private key is used.
The ssh-keygen utility prompts you to enter the passphrase again.
filename
and the public key has been saved as filename
.pub
. It also displays information about the key fingerprint and randomart image.The PuTTYgen program is part of PuTTY, an open source networking client for the Windows platform.
To download PuTTY or PuTTYgen, go to http://www.putty.org/ and click the You can download PuTTY here link.
As the key is being generated, move the mouse around the blank area as directed.
Note:
While a passphrase is not required, you should specify one as a security measure to protect the private key from unauthorized use. When you specify a passphrase, a user must enter the passphrase every time the private key is used.
.ppk
(PuTTY private key).Note:
The.ppk
file extension indicates that the private key is in PuTTY's proprietary format. You must use a key of this format when using PuTTY as your SSH client. It cannot be used with other SSH client tools. Refer to the PuTTY documentation to convert a private key in this format to a different format. Make sure you select all the characters, not just the ones you can see in the narrow window. If a scroll bar is next to the characters, you aren't seeing all the characters.
.pub
extension to indicate that the file contains a public key.ssh
utility on Linux), export the private key:.ppk
format, using an extension such as .openssh
to indicate the file's content.