A dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and indexed. In Python dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and they have keys and values.
Python dictionary method keys returns a list of all the available keys in the dictionary. Following is the syntax for keys method − dict.keys Parameters. Return Value. This method returns a list of all the available keys in the dictionary. The following example shows the usage of keys method. By default, the keys within a python dictionary are unsorted and the output of the json.dumps function may be different when executing multiple times. I ran into this issue while writing some test cases, but setting the sortkeys parameter to true will solve the problem. This will sort the key values of the dictionary and will produce always the same output when using the same data. A dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and indexed. In Python dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and they have keys and values. Class typing.TypedDict (dict) ¶ A simple typed namespace. At runtime it is equivalent to a plain dict. TypedDict creates a dictionary type that expects all of its instances to have a certain set of keys, where each key is associated with a value of a consistent type. This expectation is not checked at runtime but is only enforced by type checkers.
Create and print a dictionary:
You can access the items of a dictionary by referring to its key name, inside square brackets:
Get the value of the 'model' key:
Try it Yourself »There is also a method called get()
that will give you the same result:
Get the value of the 'model' key:
Try it Yourself »You can change the value of a specific item by referring to its key name:
Change the 'year' to 2018:
You can loop through a dictionary by using a for
loop.
When looping through a dictionary, the return value are the keys of the dictionary, but there are methods to return the values as well.
Print all key names in the dictionary, one by one:
Try it Yourself »Print all values in the dictionary, one by one:
Try it Yourself »You can also use the values()
function to return values of a dictionary:
Loop through both keys and values, by using the items()
function:
To determine if a specified key is present in a dictionary use the in
keyword: Product key office 2010 plus.
Check if 'model' is present in the dictionary:
To determine how many items (key-value pairs) a dictionary has, use the len()
method.
Print the number of items in the dictionary:
Try it Yourself »Adding an item to the dictionary is done by using a new index key and assigning a value to it:
There are several methods to remove items from a dictionary:
The pop()
method removes the item with the specified key name:
The popitem()
method removes the last inserted item (in versions before 3.7, a random item is removed instead):
The del
keyword removes the item with the specified key name:
The del
keyword can also delete the dictionary completely:
The clear()
method empties the dictionary:
You cannot copy a dictionary simply by typing dict2 = dict1
, because: dict2
will only be a reference to dict1
, and changes made in dict1
will automatically also be made in dict2
.
There are ways to make a copy, one way is to use the built-in Dictionary method copy()
.
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Make a copy of a dictionary with the copy()
method:
Another way to make a copy is to use the built-in method dict()
.
Make a copy of a dictionary with the dict()
method:
A dictionary can also contain many dictionaries, this is called nested dictionaries.
Create a dictionary that contain three dictionaries:
Or, if you want to nest three dictionaries that already exists as dictionaries:
Create three dictionaries, than create one dictionary that will contain the other three dictionaries:
It is also possible to use the dict() constructor to make a new dictionary:
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on dictionaries.
Method | Description |
---|---|
clear() | Removes all the elements from the dictionary |
copy() | Returns a copy of the dictionary |
fromkeys() | Returns a dictionary with the specified keys and value |
get() | Returns the value of the specified key |
items() | Returns a list containing a tuple for each key value pair |
keys() | Returns a list containing the dictionary's keys |
pop() | Removes the element with the specified key |
popitem() | Removes the last inserted key-value pair |
setdefault() | Returns the value of the specified key. If the key does not exist: insert the key, with the specified value |
update() | Updates the dictionary with the specified key-value pairs |
values() | Returns a list of all the values in the dictionary |
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