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• Set Vendor Keys Kindle Fire 5th Generation Tablet

Fire tablets come in a variety of screen sizes, pixel densities, and aspect ratios. As an app developer, it can be challenging to create an app that runs and looks good on many different form factors, especially if you are porting your app from another tablet or from a phone. This document provides an overview of options and techniques for managing different Fire tablet screens in your app.

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Keeping Your Icons Looking Sharp

For increased commonality with Android, the launcher on Fire OS 5 and Fire OS 6 displays the app icon that you provide within your APK. This is a change from earlier versions of Fire OS, where the launcher used the app icon that you uploaded to the developer portal when submitting your app. See Launcher Icon Guidelines for information about required icon resolution and dimensions.

Test your icon across the range of devices where you want your app to run. Ensure that the icon provides a clear and identifiable image that positively represents your brand.

Use Flexible Layout

If you design your app for a specific device's screen, it may both look and behave differently than you expect when it runs on a device with a different screen size, aspect ratio, or pixel density. Specifically:

• Text and images designed for a device with a specific screen size may not properly scale to different screen sizes, or may look distorted or pixelated when scaled.
• Text and images designed for a device with a specific aspect ratio may have distorted or overlapping screen elements on screens with different aspect ratios.
• Text and images designed for a device with a specific screen density may have larger or smaller elements than you expect, which can affect both the appearance and behavior of your app.

To address these issues, design your app to use a flexible layout. A flexible layout enables your app's user interface (UI) to dynamically scale to different screen sizes, densities, and aspect ratios at runtime.

You can follow the Android best practices for designing an app for multiple different screen types, including:

• Create layouts by using density-independent pixels (dp) rather than absolute pixels. The dp units have a baseline of 1 dp per pixel on a 160PPI (mdpi) device, but are automatically scaled at runtime for devices with higher screen densities. Also, use scale-independent pixels (sp) for text. For more information, see Use Density-Independent Pixels.
• Use the ConstraintLayout Android class to build your UI so that elements can be placed and sized relative to other elements. Avoid AbsoluteLayout, which has been deprecated since Android 1.5 (API Level 3). Absolute layouts do not scale across different screens. See Use Constraint Layout for more information.
• Within your XML layout elements, do not specify width and height explicitly; use the Android attribute values wrap_content and match_parent to dynamically size an element based on its content and its parent. See Use 'wrap_content' and 'match_parent' for more information.

In addition, when porting an app from a smaller screen to a larger one, consider redesigning your app's user interface altogether. You can take advantage of the larger screen size by, for example, including more content or by making better use of portrait and landscape modes.

Provide Multiple Layouts for Different Screens

Another way to provide an app that looks good on different screen types is to define multiple XML layout resources for different screen configurations. At runtime, the device reports its configuration, and Android chooses the appropriate matching layout resources for that screen. Defining multiple sets of layout resources enables you to create a single app with a flexible and adaptable interface for different screen configurations.

Screen configurations can be defined by:

• General screen size. Android provides four generalized size qualifiers: small, medium, large, and xlarge. All of the Fire tablets are considered large or xlarge devices.
• Smallest screen width. The smallest width qualifier, added in Android 3.2 (Honeycomb), defines the width of the smallest side of a tablet in dp units. This qualifier takes the form swXXXdp where XXX is the given width. Smallest width is preferable to the general screen size qualifiers as it enables you to more specifically target a given screen type. All of the Fire tablets support smallest width, except for Kindle Fire (1st Generation/2011), which is based on Android 2.3.3. See Use the Smallest-width Qualifier for more information on these qualifiers.

To define multiple layouts for different screen types, create layout directories within the res/ directory with suffixes that indicate either the general size or a smallest width qualifier. Place your layout XML files specific to those form factors within those directories. For example, you could create a default layout and a custom layout for 'large' screen sizes within these two directories:

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res/layoutres/layout-large

Layout directories for smallest width follow the same convention. Smallest width qualifiers are in dp units, which are scaled to the density of the device. For example, Kindle Fire HDX 7' (3rd Generation/2013) has a physical pixel width of 1200 pixels. Its xhdpi density qualifier equates to a scale factor of 2.0. In dp units the width is scaled (divided by) 2.0, resulting in a smallest width qualifier of sw600dp. For layouts optimized for Kindle Fire HDX 7' (or other similar devices), you would use the following directory:

res/layout-sw600dp

For each of the Fire tablets, the following table shows the actual screen resolution, general size qualifier, scale factor, and smallest width qualifier. For more information about Fire tablet screen sizes, see the Fire Tablet Device and Feature Specifications.

Note that smallest width is not available for Kindle Fire (1st Generation/2011), which is based on an older version of Android. Use a default layout or layout-large to specify a layout for this device.

Provide Multiple Graphics Resources

Bitmap drawables, including icons, background images and other graphics, pose a particularly confounding problem for managing the appearance of your app across screens with differing densities or aspect ratios. If you provide a single set of bitmap resources for one screen size or type, Android automatically scales those graphics to fit the device — potentially with less-than-ideal results. Automatic scaling can result in distorted, fuzzy, or jaggy-looking graphics, or unreadable text.

As with layouts, you can create multiple drawable directories within the res/ directory for your graphics resources, and optimize your graphics specific to those configurations. You can name those drawable directories as you would layouts, for both generalized and smallest-width qualifiers (for example, res/drawable-large). In addition, Android provides qualifiers for specific screen densities (dots per inch) that may be more useful for bitmaps.

For screen densities, Android provides five qualifiers: ldpi, mdpi, hdpi, xhdpi, and tvdpi (low, medium, high, extra high, and TV). For example, to provide both default set of drawables as well as drawables optimized for high-density screens, use these directory names:

res/drawableres/drawable-hdpi

You can also mix and match density qualifiers for drawables or layout with size or smallest width:

res/layout-large-hdpires/drawable-sw800dp-hdpi

As with layouts and screen sizes, Android chooses the appropriate set of resources based on the configuration the device reports at runtime.

Note that Android's generalized density qualifiers group similar devices together, which makes it easier for you to create layouts and graphics for devices in the same class. Keep in mind, however, that the density qualifiers indicate approximate densities — 160DPI for mdpi, and 240DPI for hdpi — the actual densities of each device may vary slightly. If you use these generalized densities, but build your user interface elements to have precise physical dimensions, you can still encounter unexpected results. For example, layout elements may be the wrong size, or become misaligned on the screen. Be sure to test your app on specific devices to ensure compatibility.The generalized densities correspond to the following DPI values:

• mdpi: 160
• hdpi: 240
• xhdpi: 320
• tvdpi: 213

Declare Support for Screen Sizes in Your Manifest

Even if you follow the previous guidelines for defining a flexible layout and providing alternate layout and graphics resources, you should also declare the supported screen sizes in your Android manifest with the element.

Nero 2019 serial key generator. For example, to explicitly indicate that your app supports only tablets ('large' and 'xlarge' screens), and those with a minimum width of 533dp, use this code:

Note: As with the smallest width qualifiers for resource directories, the requiresSmallestWidthDp attribute is only available on Android 3.2 or higher. Therefore, it is not available on Kindle Fire (1st Generation).

See supports-screens for more information on the element.

Understand How Fullscreen Modes Affect Layout

On the Fire tablets, your app can operate in one of three screen modes:

• Standard mode, in which a status bar and a soft key bar are visible on the screen.
• Fullscreen mode, which hides the status bar and minimizes the soft key bar. Only a small 'fullscreen handle' is displayed. Users can view both toolbars by tapping the fullscreen handle or swiping up from the bottom of the screen. The following example shows the flag for fullscreen mode:

• Super fullscreen mode (Android 4.0, Ice Cream Sandwich, API 14), which also hides the fullscreen handle. No toolbars are visible on the screen. As with fullscreen mode, users can display both toolbars by tapping the screen. The following example shows the flag for super fullscreen mode.

The visibility of the status bar and soft key bar may have different effects on your layout, especially if you design your app for fullscreen mode. Specifically:

• In standard mode the status bar and soft key bar displace your layout by the height or width of the bar. If you query the size of the layout (with View.getWidth() or View.getHeight()), those values are smaller than the overall display because the layout takes both toolbars into account.
• In fullscreen mode, the fullscreen handle draws on top of your layout. In super fullscreen mode no toolbars or handles are visible.
• In both fullscreen modes, when the user taps the screen to display the toolbars, both the status bar and soft key bar draw on top of your layout and obscure any elements beneath them. The size of your layout does not change. In this instance, if you query the dimensions of the layout, the Fire tablet returns the overall dimensions of the screen.

Your app cannot control whether the toolbars are displayed in fullscreen mode; that behavior is up to the user. If your app layout depends on the full screen being visible at all times, including when the toolbars are displayed, you should adjust your layout to take the size of the toolbars into account. You can find the size of the status bar and soft key bar for each Kindle Fire tablet in User Experience Specifications.

You can use Android Debug Bridge (adb) to connect your Fire tablet to your computer for testing and debugging. You connect your computer to your Fire tablet through a micro-USB cable.

Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a command-line utility for running and managing Android apps on your device or emulator. For more information and instructions on using adb, see Android Debug Bridge.

If you're looking for instructions on connecting to a Fire TV instead, see Connect to Fire TV Through adb.

• Check for Device Connections Using adb (Optional)
• Troubleshooting

Step 1: Enable adb on Your Fire Tablet

1. On your Fire tablet, go to Settings.
2. Tap Device Options, then Developer Options.

3. Set Enable ADB to On, and then accept the pop-up warning message.

   As a security precaution, you should set Enable ADB to Off when you are not trying to connect the tablet to your computer.

Older Fire tablets:If you have an older Fire tablet with a different Fire OS version, the steps to enable adb might differ:

• If you have a Kindle Fire - 1st Generation, adb is enabled by default.
• If Developer Options is hidden on your tablet, tap the device serial number seven times to reveal the Developer Options menu.
• On a 2013 model Kindle Fire tablet, after tapping Settings, tap Device, then Developer Options, or on a 2013 model Kindle Fire tablet, tap Security.

Step 2: Install the Kindle Fire Driver (Windows Only)

1. If you're using Windows, download this Kindle Fire driver: kindle_fire_usb_driver.zip.
2. After downloading the file, extract the contents into a new folder and double-click the Fire_Devices ABD drivers file.
3. Proceed through the installation wizard screens to install the driver.

Step 3: Install Android Studio

adb is available on your computer when you install Android Studio. If you don't already have Android Studio, download and install Android Studio. If you're not using Android Studio, you need to download and install Android SDK platform tools.

Step 4: Connect Your Fire Device to Your Computer via Micro-USB Cable

1. Using a micro-USB cable, connect your Fire tablet to a USB port on your computer. (For Macbooks that have only USB-C ports, you will need to use an adapter — there isn't a wifi connection option.)

   Note that Fire tablets can treat the USB with different transfer options. After connecting the micro-USB cable, swipe down from the top of your tablet to see the USB option used. You might see various notifications, including the USB connection type that was used when you connected the cable. The relevant notification is highlighted in the screenshot below.

   If you don't see 'Connected as Media Device', press Tap for other USB options. Then select Media device (MTP):

   Note: If your USB is connected as a Camera (PTP), Android Studio won't recognize the tablet as a device in Android Studio.
2. When the Allow USB debugging? dialog appears on your tablet, tap OK.

3. Open Android Studio and look for the device to appear in devices drop-down menu:

   The device's name will use the android.os.Build.MODEL property for the device. KFSUWI refers to Fire HD 10 (2017) tablet. You can see a list of build model names in the Fire Table Specifications.

   Note that if you have not selected the 'Allow USB Debugging' dialog on your tablet, the name 'Unknown device' will appear in the devices drop-down menu in Android Studio until you allow debugging.

4. With the tablet connected, you can now run your app on your tablet by clicking the Run App button in Android Studio.

If you run into issues, see the Troubleshooting section below.

Check for Device Connections Using adb (Optional)

Instead of looking in the devices menu in Android Studio, you can also use some adb terminal commands to confirm that your device is connected. adb is useful for performing many other operations as well, such as entering sandbox mode or installing other assets. Follow these two sections:

If you skip adding adb to your PATH, you can also Check for Connected Devices If adb Isn't In Your PATH.

Add adb to Your PATH

First, add adb to your PATH so you can more easily execute adb commands. (Your PATH is an environment variable used to specify the location of the program's executable. If you don't add adb to your PATH, running adb commands will require you to browse to the <Android SDK>/platform-tools directory to run adb.)

To add adb to your PATH on Mac:

1. Get the path to your Android SDK platform-tools directory:

   1. Open Android Studio and click the SDK Manager button .The location to your Android SDK appears near the top next to Android SDK Location. For example: /Users/<your username>/Library/Android/sdk

      If this is your first time opening Android Studio, there isn't an SDK Manager button. Instead, at the Welcome to Android Studio prompt, click Configure > SDK Manager and provide the location to the Android SDK.

   2. Copy the path to the SDK and paste it somewhere convenient, such as a text editor.
   3. Add /platform-tools to the end of the path you copied in the previous step. ('platform-tools' is the directory containing the adb executable.)
   4. Copy the full path to your clipboard.

2. Use the following command to add adb to your .bash_profile. Replace <your username> with your actual username. Also, make sure the path points to your Android SDK.

   Your .bash_profile file is usually in your user directory, which you can find by typing cd ~ (change to your user directory). Then type ls -a (list all) to show all files, including hidden ones.

   If the file isn't there, simply create one. You can then type open .bash_profile to see the paths listed.

   After you add this PATH to your bash profile, you should see the following in your .bash_profile file:

   (Only instead of johndoe, you will see your own username.)

3. Fully restart any terminal sessions, and then type adb. If you successfully added adb to your path, you will see adb help info rather than 'command not found.'

To add adb to your PATH on Windows:

1. Get the path to your Android SDK platform-tools directory:

   1. Open Android Studio and click the SDK Manager button .

      The location to your Android SDK appears near the top next to Android SDK Location. For example: C:Users<your user name>AppDataLocalAndroidSdk

      If this is your first time opening Android Studio, there isn't an SDK Manager button. Instead, at the Welcome to Android Studio prompt, click Configure > SDK Manager and provide the location to the Android SDK.

   2. Copy the path to the SDK and paste it somewhere convenient, such as a text editor.
   3. Add /platform-tools to the end of the path you copied in the previous step. ('platform-tools' is the directory containing the adb executable.)
   4. Copy the full path to your clipboard.
2. Click your computer's search button (next to Start) and type view advanced system settings.
3. Click View advanced system settings.
4. When the System Settings dialog opens, click the Environment Variables button.
5. Under System Variables (the lower pane), select Path and click Edit.

6. Do one of the following:

   • On Windows 7 or 8, move your cursor to the farthest position on the right, type ; and then press Ctrl+V to insert the path to your SDK that you copied earlier. It may look like this: ;C:Users<your user name>AppDataLocalAndroidSdkplatform-tools. Click OK on each of the three open dialog boxes to close them.
   • On Windows 10, click the New button and add this location.
7. Restart any terminal sessions, and then type adb. If you successfully added adb to your path, you will see adb help info rather than 'command not found.'

Check for Connected Devices

1. Assuming adb is added to your PATH, run the following commands:

2. Confirm that the serial number for your Fire tablet appears in the list of devices. For example:

   On your tablet, your device's serial number is located under Settings > Device Options.

Check for Connected Devices If adb Isn't In Your PATH

If your terminal doesn't recognize adb as a command (that is, you didn't add adb to your PATH), you might have to run the commands from the SDK directory that contains adb.

1. In Android Studio go to Tools > SDK Manager.
2. In the SDK Manager dialog box, copy the Android SDK Location.

3. Browse to this location in your terminal or command prompt. For example:

   Mac

   Windows

   Then go into the platform-tools directory:

   The platform-tools directory contains adb.

4. Now run the adb commands as follows:

   Mac:

   Windows:

   The response should list your device's serial number. For example:

   If your Fire tablet is still not detected, you may need to reboot your computer or log out and back in for the changes to take effect.

Troubleshooting

Tablet doesn't appear in list of devices in Android Studio

1. If you don't see your tablet device in the list of devices in Android Studio, click the devices drop-down menu and select Troubleshoot device connections:

2. Click Rescan devices.

   If rescanning devices doesn't detect your Fire tablet as a device, your micro-USB cable might be bad, you might have the wrong USB connection type (e.g, camera instead of media device), or you might not have enabled USB debugging. You can also try restarting your computer and the tablet.

Uninstall the non-adb Driver (Windows)

If you previously connected a Fire tablet without first enabling adb on the Fire tablet, you might need to remove the existing USB device driver and force re-installation of the driver. To remove the non-adb driver:

1. Using a micro-USB cable, connect your Fire tablet to a USB port on your computer.
2. On your computer (Windows 10), click the search button (next to the Start menu) and type Device Manager in the search. Then select it in the results. (Other Windows versions have different options for accessing the Control Panel.)
3. In the Device Manager window, expand Portable Devices.
4. Right-click the Fire device and then click Properties.
5. In the Properties window, on the Driver tab, click Uninstall, and then Confirm.
6. Unplug your Fire tablet from your computer.

Confirm the Fire Driver Is Installed Correctly

You can confirm that the Fire driver is installed correctly by doing the following:

Set Vendor Keys Kindle Fire 5th Generation Tablet

1. On your computer, click the search button search button (next to the Start menu) and type Device Manager.

2. In Device Manager, under Fire Devices, verify that that a device appears called Android Composite ADB Interface.

   If your Device Manager shows an Other Devices section with a second Fire device with a yellow alert sign, your computer is listing Amazon's unrecognized adb module as a separate device. To fix this issue:

   1. Under Other Devices, right-click the Fire device and select Properties.
   2. On the Driver tab of the Properties window, select Update Driver…
   3. Choose to browse for the driver software, then navigate to Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer > Show All Devices > Have Disk.
   4. Navigate to the folder where you installed the Amazon driver (typically C:Program Files (x86)Amazon.comFire_DevicesDrivers) and select it.

   5. Ignore the warning regarding installing drivers and proceed.

      You should now correctly see your Fire tablet with the adb driver installed.