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1. Sql Server Generate Hash Key In Minecraft
2. Sql Server Generate Hash Key Mac
3. Sql Server Hash Join
4. Sql Server Row Hash
5. Sql Server Generate Hash Key In Windows 10

Posted July 24, 2014

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By Arshad Ali

Introduction

In my most recent articles, I’ve talked about encryption in detail and demonstrated its usage at the entire database level with Transparent Data Encryption and at the column level with granularcell level encryption. In this article, I am going to discuss hashing in SQL Server and how it is different from encryption.

Encryption vs. Hashing

Encryption brings data into a state which cannot be interpreted by anyone who does not have access to the decryption key, password, or certificates. Though encryption does not restrict the access to the data, it ensures if data loss happens, then in that case data is useless for the person who does not have access to the decryption keypasswordcertificates. On the other hand, Hashing brings a string of characters of arbitrary size into a usually shorter fixed-length value or key that represents the original string and acts as a shortened reference to the original data. A slight change in the input string of characters produces a completely different hashed output.

To meet the demands of regulatory compliance and corporate data security standards, SQL Server allows you to enable encryption at the columncell level or on the entire database level whereas hashing can be used for several purposes for example:

• Identifying incremental data or changed data - Hash values generated for an entire row (by concatenating values of all the columns of the row and then generating hash key on it) are useful for efficiently searching for differences between rows in tables and identifying if the rows have changed, in case there is no mechanism in place to identify incremental data on the source table.
• Hashing is used to index and retrieve items in a database because it is faster to find the item using the shorter hashed key than to find it using the original value.
• If you have a composite key on several lengthy columns, you can concatenate them and generate hash key on the concatenated value and then you can use this hash key as a joining key.

Encryption is bidirectional, which means data encrypted can be decrypted back to the original string if you have access to the correct decryption key, whereas hashing is unidirectional, which means hashed data cannot be reversed back to the original string.

Getting Started with Hashing

SQL Server has the HASHBYTES inbuilt function to hash the string of characters using different hashing algorithms. The supported algorithms are MD2, MD4, MD5, SHA, SHA1, or SHA2. The hashed data conforms to the algorithm standard in terms of storage size i.e. 128 bits (16 bytes) for MD2, MD4, and MD5; 160 bits (20 bytes) for SHA and SHA1; 256 bits (32 bytes) for SHA2_256, and 512 bits (64 bytes) for SHA2_512. SHA2_256 and SHA2_512 algorithms are available in SQL Server 2012 and later versions.

The stronger hash function you use, the more storage space it takes, and performance is slower but it provides a stronger hash value with minimal chance of hash collision (generating the same hashed output for two different input string of characters). Hence, it’s recommended to use hashing algorithms depending on your workload and data to hash by making it an appropriate trade-off.

The example below, demonstrates the use of the HASHBYTES function to do hashing using MD5 algorithm. As mentioned before, a slight change in the input string of characters produces a completely different hashed output and this is what you could see in the second column. The only difference between input for the first column and input for the second column is an extra space at the end of the input string in the second input string:

No matter how many times you do the hashing, the hashed output will remain same for the same set of input strings and same hashing algorithm:

Based on the hashing algorithm you choose, your hashed output will change both in terms of value and size. For example, as demonstrated below, hashed output with MD5 algorithm produces a 16 bytes long value whereas SHA1 algorithm produces a 20 bytes long value:

You can use the HASHBYTES function in line with a SELECT statement when querying data from tables. It’s up to your requirement to hash a value from one column or multiple columns. For example, as you can see in the below query I am hashing combined values (by combining ProductNumber and Name) when querying data from the table.

Limitation of the HASHBYTES Function and how to Overcome It

Sql Server Generate Hash Key In Minecraft

The maximum length of input values to be hashed is limited to 8000 bytes - the HASHBYTES function gives an error, “String or binary data would be truncated” when the length of the input string is more than 8000 bytes. To overcome this limitation, I have written this user defined function, which overcomes the HASHBYTES function by splitting chunks of 8000 bytes of a large string, hashing each chunk individually and then combining each hash key together and finally generating a hash key for the concatenated hash keys. This workaround seems to be working fine in my case, but I would highly recommend you evaluate it in your scenario for your suitability and before putting it in use.

Once the user defined function is created as above, you can use it similar to the way shown below:

Conclusion

Sql Server Generate Hash Key Mac

In this article, I discussed hashing in SQL Server and how to use it. I also talked about how hashing is different from encryption along with some use cases where hashing would be a good approach to take.

Resources

APPLIES TO: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure Synapse Analytics (SQL DW) Parallel Data Warehouse

Microsoft visual studio express 2012. Hi,As a Release Candidate it certainly has a time limit for use built-in.Visual Studio 2012Visual StudioVisual Studio is supported at MSDN so check with the Experts there:MSDN - Visual Studio ForumsMSDN - Visual Studio Developer CenterMSDN Visual Studio ForumsMSDN all Visual Studio and related ForumsMSDN - ForumsMSDN - Where is the Forum For?Hope this helps.Rob Brown.

Returns the MD2, MD4, MD5, SHA, SHA1, or SHA2 hash of its input in SQL Server.

Syntax

Arguments

<algorithm>
Identifies the hashing algorithm to be used to hash the input. This is a required argument with no default. The single quotation marks are required. Beginning with SQL Server 2016 (13.x), all algorithms other than SHA2_256, and SHA2_512 are deprecated.

@input
Specifies a variable containing the data to be hashed. @input is varchar, nvarchar, or varbinary.

'input'
Specifies an expression that evaluates to a character or binary string to be hashed.

The output conforms to the algorithm standard: 128 bits (16 bytes) for MD2, MD4, and MD5; 160 bits (20 bytes) for SHA and SHA1; 256 bits (32 bytes) for SHA2_256, and 512 bits (64 bytes) for SHA2_512.

Applies to: SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later

For SQL Server 2014 (12.x) and earlier, allowed input values are limited to 8000 bytes.

Return Value

varbinary (maximum 8000 bytes)

Remarks

Consider using CHECKSUM or BINARY_CHECKSUM as alternatives to compute a hash value.

The MD2, MD4, MD5, SHA, and SHA1 algorithms are deprecated starting with SQL Server 2016 (13.x). Use SHA2_256 or SHA2_512 instead. Older algorithms will continue working, but they will raise a deprecation event.

Sql Server Hash Join

Examples

Return the hash of a variable

The following example returns the SHA2_256 hash of the nvarchar data stored in variable @HashThis.

Return the hash of a table column

The following example returns the SHA2_256 hash of the values in column c1 in the table Test1.

Sql Server Row Hash

Here is the result set.

Sql Server Generate Hash Key In Windows 10

See Also