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The ssh-keygen utility displays a message indicating that the private key has been saved as filename and the public key has been saved as filename.pub. It also displays information about the key fingerprint and randomart image.

• Generate Public Key Fingerprint
• Ssh Fingerprint Windows
• Check Ssh Key Fingerprint
• Sftp Host Key Fingerprint
• Generate Public Ssh Key Windows

If you interact regularly with SSH commands and remote hosts, you may find that using a key pair instead of passwords can be convenient. Instead of the remote system prompting for a password with each connection, authentication can be automatically negotiated using a public and private key pair.

1. The.pub file is your public key, and the other file is the corresponding private key. If you don’t have these files (or you don’t even have a.ssh directory), you can create them by running a program called ssh-keygen, which is provided with the SSH package on Linux/macOS systems and comes with Git for Windows.
2. Adding your SSH key to the ssh-agent. Before adding a new SSH key to the ssh-agent to manage your keys, you should have checked for existing SSH keys and generated a new SSH key. When adding your SSH key to the agent, use the default macOS ssh-add command, and not an application installed by macports, homebrew, or some other external source.

The private key remains secure on your own workstation, and the public key gets placed in a specific location on each remote system that you access. Your private key may be secured locally with a passphrase. A local caching program such as ssh-agent or gnome-keyring allows you to enter that passphrase periodically, instead of each time you use the key to access a remote system.

Generating a key pair and propagating the public key

Generating your key pair and propagating your public key is simpler than it sounds. Let’s walk through it.

Generating the key

The minimum effort to generate a key pair involves running the ssh-keygen command, and choosing the defaults at all the prompts:

The default location to store the keys is in the ~/.ssh directory, which will be created if it does not exist:

Allowing this command to create the directory also ensures that the owner and permissions are set correctly. Some applications will not use keys if the permissions to the private key are too open.

The file ending in .pub is the public key that needs to be transferred to the remote systems. It is a file containing a single line: The protocol, the key, and an email used as an identifier. Options for the ssh-keygen command allow you to specify a different identifier:

After generating the key pair, the ssh-keygen command also displays the fingerprint and randomart image that are unique to this key. This information can be shared with other people who may need to verify your public key.

Later you can view these with:

The -l option lists the fingerprint, and the -v option adds the ASCII art.

Propagating the public key to a remote system

If password authentication is currently enabled, then the easiest way to transfer the public key to the remote host is with the ssh-copy-id command. If you used the default name for the key all you need to specify is the remote user and host:

Following the instructions from the output, verify that you can connect using the key pair. If you implemented a passphrase, you will be prompted for the passphrase to use the private key:

Examine the resulting authorized key file. This is where the public key was appended. If the directory or file did not exist, then it was (or they were) created with the correct ownership and permissions. Each line is a single authorized public key:

To revoke access for this key pair, remove the line for the public key.

There are many other options that can be added to this line in the authorized key file to control access. These options are usually used by administrators placing the public keys on a system with restrictions. These restrictions may include where the connection may originate, what command(s) may be run, and even a date indicating when to stop accepting this key. These and more options are listed in the sshd man page.

Changing the passphrase

If you need to change a passphrase on your private key or if you initially set an empty passphrase and want that protection at a later time, use the ssh-keygen command with the -p option:

You can add additional options to specify the key (-f), and the old (-P) or new (-N) passphrases on the command line. Remember that any passwords specified on the command line will be saved in your shell history.

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See the ssh-keygen man page for additional options.

Rotating keys

While the public key by itself is meant to be shared, keep in mind that if someone obtains your private key, they can then use that to access all systems that have the public key. These key pairs also do not have a period of validity like GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) keys or public key infrastructure (PKI) certificates.

If you have any reason to suspect that a private key has been stolen or otherwise compromised, you should replace that key pair. The old public key has to be removed from all systems, a new key has to be generated with ssh-keygen, and the new public key has to be transferred to the desired remote systems.

If you are rotating keys as a precaution and without any concern of compromise, you can use the old key pair to authenticate the transfer of the new public key before removing the old key.

Is using empty passphrases ever a good idea?

There are several things to think about when considering an empty passphrase for your SSH private key.

How secure is the private key file?

If you tend to work from multiple client systems and want to either have multiple copies of your key or keep a copy on removable media, then it really is a good idea to have a passphrase on the private key. This practice is in addition to protecting access to the key file with encrypted media.

However, if you have only one copy of the private key and it is kept on a system that is well secured and not shared, then having a passphrase is simply one more level of protection just in case.

Remember that changing the passphrase on one copy does not change the passphrase on other copies. The passphrase is simply locking access to a specific key file.

Why do think you need an empty passphrase?

There are cases for keys with empty passphrases. Some utilities that need to automatically transfer files between systems need a passwordless method to authenticate. The kdump utility, when configured to dump the kernel to a remote system using SSH, is one example.

Another common use is to generate a key pair for a script that is designed to run unattended, such as from a cron job.

How about a middle ground alternative?

By itself, a passphrase-protected private key requires the passphrase to be entered each time the key is used. This setup does not feel like passwordless SSH. However, there are caching mechanisms that allow you to enter the key passphrase once and then use the key over and over without reentering that passphrase.

More Linux resources

OpenSSH comes with an ssh-agent daemon and an ssh-add utility to cache the unlocked private key. The GNOME desktop also has a keyring daemon that stores passwords and secrets but also implements an SSH agent.

The lifetime of the cached key can be configured with each of the agents or when the key is added. In many cases, it defaults to an unlimited lifetime, but the cache is cleared when the user logs out of the system. You will be prompted for the passphrase only once per login session.

If there is a scheduled application that needs to run outside of a user login session, it may be possible to use a secret or other password manager to automate the unlocking of the key. For example, Ansible Tower stores credentials in a secure database. This database includes an SSH private key used to connect to the remote systems (managed nodes), and any passphrases necessary for those private keys. Once those credentials are stored, a job can be scheduled to run a playbook on a regular schedule.

Automating propagation

A centralized identity manager such as FreeIPA can assist with key propagation. Upload the public key to the server as an attribute of a user account, and then propagate it to the hosts in the domain as needed. FreeIPA can also provide additional host-based access control for where a key may be used.

Keys can also be distributed using Ansible modules. The openssh_keypair module uses ssh-keygen to generate keys and the authorized_key module adds and removes SSH authorized keys for particular user accounts.

Wrapping up

SSH key pairs are only one way to automate authentication without passwords. Using the Generic Security Services Application Program Interface (GSSAPI) authentication is also common when trying to reduce the use of passwords on a network with centralized user management. SSH key pairs are the easier option to implement when single sign-on (SSO) is not already available.

Many source code repositories grant access using SSH keys. You can upload a public key to an account in the hosting organization such as the Fedora Account System, GitLab, or GitHub sites and use that key pair to authenticate when pulling and pushing content to repositories.

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Related Content

On Windows, you can create SSH keys in many ways. This document explains how to use two SSH applications, PuTTY and Git Bash.

Joyent recommends RSA keys because the node-manta CLI programs work with RSA keys both locally and with the ssh agent. DSA keys will work only if the private key is on the same system as the CLI, and not password-protected.

PuTTY

PuTTY is an SSH client for Windows. You can use PuTTY to generate SSH keys. PuTTY is a free open-source terminal emulator that functions much like the Terminal application in macOS in a Windows environment. This section shows you how to manually generate and upload an SSH key when working with PuTTY in the Windows environment.

About PuTTY

PuTTY is an SSH client for Windows that you will use to generate your SSH keys. You can download PuTTY from www.chiark.greenend.org.uk.

When you install the PuTTY client, you also install the PuTTYgen utility. PuTTYgen is what you will use to generate your SSH key for a Windows VM.

Generating an SSH key

To generate an SSH key with PuTTYgen, follow these steps:

Generate Public Key Fingerprint

1. Open the PuTTYgen program.
2. For Type of key to generate, select SSH-2 RSA.
3. Click the Generate button.
4. Move your mouse in the area below the progress bar. When the progress bar is full, PuTTYgen generates your key pair.
5. Type a passphrase in the Key passphrase field. Type the same passphrase in the Confirm passphrase field. You can use a key without a passphrase, but this is not recommended.
6. Click the Save private key button to save the private key. You must save the private key. You will need it to connect to your machine.
7. Right-click in the text field labeled Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file and choose Select All.
8. Right-click again in the same text field and choose Copy.

Importing your SSH key

Now you must import the copied SSH key to the portal.

1. After you copy the SSH key to the clipboard, return to your account page.
2. Choose to Import Public Key and paste your SSH key into the Public Key field.
3. In the Key Name field, provide a name for the key. Note: although providing a key name is optional, it is a best practice for ease of managing multiple SSH keys.
4. Add the key. It will now appear in your table of keys under SSH.

PuTTY and OpenSSH use different formats of public SSH keys. If the text you pasted in the SSH Key starts with —— BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY, it is in the wrong format. Be sure to follow the instructions carefully. Your key should start with ssh-rsa AAAA….

Once you upload your SSH key to the portal, you can connect to your virtual machine from Windows through a PuTTY session.

Git Bash

The Git installation package comes with SSH. Using Git Bash, which is the Git command line tool, you can generate SSH key pairs. Git Bash has an SSH client that enables you to connect to and interact with Triton containers on Windows.

To install Git:

1. (Download and initiate the Git installer](https://git-scm.com/download/win).
2. When prompted, accept the default components by clicking Next.
3. Choose the default text editor. If you have Notepad++ installed, select Notepad++ and click Next.
4. Select to Use Git from the Windows Command Prompt and click Next.
5. Select to Use OpenSSL library and click Next.
6. Select to Checkout Windows-style, commit Unix-style line endings and click Next.
7. Select to Use MinTTY (The default terminal of mYSYS2) and click Next.
8. Accept the default extra option configuration by clicking Install.

When the installation completes, you may need to restart Windows.

Ssh Fingerprint Windows

Launching GitBash

To open Git Bash, we recommend launching the application from the Windows command prompt:

Check Ssh Key Fingerprint

1. In Windows, press Start+R to launch the Run dialog.
2. Type C:Program FilesGitbinbash.exe and press Enter.

Generating SSH keys

First, create the SSH directory and then generate the SSH key pair.

One assumption is that the Windows profile you are using is set up with administrative privileges. Given this, you will be creating the SSH directory at the root of your profile, for example:

1. At the Git Bash command line, change into your root directory and type.

2. Change into the .ssh directory C:Usersjoetest.ssh

3. To create the keys, type:

4. When prompted for a password, type apassword to complete the process. When finished, the output looks similar to:

Uploading an SSH key

Sftp Host Key Fingerprint

To upload the public SSH key to your Triton account:

1. Open Triton Service portal, select Account to open the Account Summary page.
2. From the SSH section, select Import Public Key.
3. Enter a Key Name. Although naming a key is optional, labels are a best practice for managing multiple SSH keys.
4. Add your public SSH key.

Generate Public Ssh Key Windows

When Triton finishes the adding or uploading process, the public SSH key appears in the list of SSH keys.

What are my next steps?

• Adding SSH keys to agent.
• Set up the Triton CLI and CloudAPI on Windows.
• Set up the Triton CLI and CloudAPI.
• Create an instance in the Triton Service Portal.
• Set up the triton-docker command line tool.
• Visit PuTTYgen to learn more about the PuTTYgen and to seethe complete installation and usage guide.