Synology Client VPN Access License allows you to add concurrent user accounts that can access the Synology SSL VPN, WebVPN, and SSTP features in VPN Plus. By default, one free license has been installed on each VPN Plus supported Synology product. Extra licenses can be purchased for additional concurrent user accounts according to your needs.
Objective
Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is used to protect communications through the encryption of IP packets during a communication session. IPSec is also an internet protocol used to establish mutual authentication between two endpoints at the beginning of a communication session and negotiation of cryptographic keys during session. Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a private network that allows the transmission of information between two PCs across the network. VPN establishes a high level of security on the private network through the use of encryption.
This document shows the configuration of the IPSec VPN with IKE Preshared Key and Manual Key on a WRVS4400N router.
Applicable Devices
• WRVS4400N
Software Version
• v2.0.2.1
Configuration of IPSec VPN Setup
Step 1. Log into the web configuration utility page and choose VPN > IPSec VPN. The IPSec VPN page opens:
Step 2. Choose an option from the Keying Mode drop-down list.
• IKE with Preshared Key — If you select IKE with Preshared key the automatic key management protocols are used to negotiate key material for SA (Security Association).
• Manual — If you select Manual Key Management no key negotiation is needed. The Manual key is usually used for small environments or for troubleshooting purposes.
Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same key management method.
IPSec VPN Setup with IKE Preshared Key
Step 1. Choose IKE with Preshared Key from the drop-down list of the Keying Mode field.
In the Phase 1 area,
Step 2. Choose 3DES in the Encryption field. The Encryption method determines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. Only 3DES is supported.
Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same Encryption method.
Step 3. Choose an option from the Authentication drop-down list. Authentication determines a method to authenticate ESP Packets. The user can choose MD5 or SHA1 from the drop-down list.
• MD5 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest. This is not as secure as SHA1 because it is a broken one-way has algorithm.
• SHA1 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. This is a more secure has algorithm but is not as fast as MD5.
Note: Both sides of the VPN endpoints must use the same Authentication method.
Step 4. Choose an option from the Group drop-down list. The Diffie-Hellman (DH) group is used for key exchange.
•768-bit (Group 1) algorithm — This group provides the least level of security and specifies the IPSec to use 768-bit for DH key exchange
•1024-bit (Group 2) algorithm — This group specifies the IPSec to use for 1024-bit for DH key exchange.
•1536-bit (Group 5) algorithm — This group provides the highest level of security to the network and specifies the IPSec to use 1536-bit for DH key exchange.
Note: Group 5 provides the most security whereas the Group 1 the least security.
Step 5. Enter the lifetime (in seconds) of the IKE generated key in the Key LifeTime. When the time expires, a new key will be renegotiated automatically. The Key Lifetime ranges from 1081 to 86400 seconds. The default value for Phase 1 is 28800 seconds.
In the Phase 2 area,
Step 6. Choose 3EDS in the Encryption field. The Encryption method determines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets, Only 3DES is supported
Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same Encryption method.
Step 7. Choose an option from the Authentication drop-down list. Authentication determines a method to authenticate ESP Packets. The user can choose MD5 or SHA1 from the drop-down list.
• MD5 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest. This is not as secure as SHA1 because it is a broken one-way hash algorithm.
• SHA1 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. This is a more secure has algorithm but is not as fast as MD5.
Note: Both sides of the VPN endpoints must use the same Authentication method.
Step 8. Choose an option from the Prefect Forward Secrecy (PFS) drop-down list.
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• Enabled — If PFS is enabled, IKE Phase 2 negotiation will generate a new key material for IP traffic encryption and authentication.
• Disabled —If PFS is disabled, IKE Phase 2 negotiation will not generate a new key material for IP traffic encryption and authentication.
Note: Both sides must have selected the same PFS.
Step 9. Enter the character and hexadecimal value that specifies a key used to authenticate IP traffic in the Preshared Key field.
Step 10. Choose an option from the Group drop-down list.The Diffie-Hellman (DH) group to be used for key exchange.
•768-bit (Group 1) algorithm — This group provides the least level of security and specifies the IPSec to use 768-bit for DH key exchange
•1024-bit (Group 2) algorithm — This group specifies the IPSec to use for 1024-bit for DH key exchange.
•1536-bit (Group 5) algorithm — This group provides the highest level of security to the network and specifies the IPSec to use 1536-bit for DH key exchange.
Note: Group 5 provides the most security whereas the Group 1 the least security.
Step 11. Enter the lifetime (in seconds) of the IKE generated key in the Key LifeTime. If time expires,a new key will be renegotiated automatically. The Key Lifetime ranges from 1081 to 86400 seconds. The default value for Phase 2 is 3600 seconds.
Step 12. Click the Save to save set up.
IPSec VPN Setup with Manual Key
In the IPSec Setup area,
Step 1. Choose the Manual key from the drop-down list of the Keying Mode field.
In the Phase 1 area,
Step 2. Choose 3DES in the Encryption field. The Encryption method determines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets,Only 3DES is supported.
Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same Encryption method.
Step 3. Choose an option from the Authentication drop-down list. Authentication determines a method to authenticate ESP Packets. The user can choose MD5 or SHA1 from the drop-down list.
•MD5 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest.
•SHA1 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest.
Note: Both sides of the VPN endpoints must use the same Authentication method.
Step 4. Choose an option from the Group drop-down list. The Diffie-Hellman (DH) group is used for key exchange.
•768-bit (Group 1) algorithm — This group provides the least level of security and specifies the IPSec to use 768-bit for DH key exchange
•1024-bit (Group 2) algorithm — This group specifies the IPSec to use for 1024-bit for DH key exchange.
•1536-bit (Group 5) algorithm — This group provides the highest level of security to the network and specifies the IPSec to use 1536-bit for DH key exchange.
Synology Router Vpn Plus Server
Note: Group 5 provides the most security whereas the Group 1 the least security.
Step 5. Enter the lifetime (in seconds) of the IKE generated key in the Key LifeTime. If time expires, a new key will be renegotiated automatically. The Key Lifetime range from 1081 to 86400 seconds. The default value for Phase 1 is 28800 seconds.
In the Phase 2 area,
Step 6. Choose 3EDS in the Encryption Algorithm field. The Encryption method determines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets, Only 3DES is supported
Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same Encryption method.
Step 7. Enter the encryption key in the Encryption Key field. Since Encryption Algorithm is 3DES enter 24 ASCII Characters as key in the Encryption Key field.
Step 8. Choose an option from the Authentication Algorithm drop-down list. Authentication determines a method to authenticate ESP Packets. The user can choose MD5 or SHA1 from the drop-down list.
• MD5 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest.
•SHA1 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest.
Step 9. Enter the authentication key in the Authentication Key field. If MD5 algorithm was chosen in authentication algorithm field enter 16 ASCII characters as key, otherwise if SHA1 algorithm was chosen enter 20 ASCII characters as authentication key.
Step 10. Enter the inbound SPI (Security Parameter Index) in the Inbound SPI field.
Step 11. Enter the outbound SPI (Security Parameter Index) in the Inbound SPI field.
The SPI (Security Parameter Index) is carried in the ESP(Encapsulating Security Payload) header. This enables the receiver to select the SA, under which a packet should be processed. The SPI is a 32-bit value. Both decimal and hexadecimal values are acceptable. Each tunnel must have unique an Inbound SPI and Outbound SPI. No two tunnels share the same SPI.
Step 12. Enter the outbound SPI (Security Parameter Index) in the Inbound SPI field.
Note: The Inbound SPI should match with the router Outbound SPI, and vice verse.
Step 13. Click the Save to save set up.
IPSec VPN Status
Step 1. Log in to the web configuration utility, choose VPN > IPSec VPN. The IPSec VPN page opens:
Note: Please make sure a VPN Tunnel is created. Refer to article IPSec VPN Local and Remote Group Setup on WRVS4400N Router on how to do this.
Step 2. Click Advanced. It displays two more options.
• Aggressive mode — Aggressive Mode squeezes the IKE SA negotiation into three packets, with all data required for the SA passed by the initiator. The responder sends the proposal, key material and ID, and authenticates the session in the next packet. The initiator replies by authenticating the session. Negotiation is quicker, and the initiator and responder ID pass in the clear.
• NetBios Broadcast — NetBIOS broadcasts a Name Query packet to the local network on UDP port 137. Every computer on the local subnet processes the broadcast packet. If a computer on the network is configured for the NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocol, the NetBIOS module in the computer receives the broadcast.
Step 3. Click the desired button.
• Connect — Establishes the connection for the current VPN tunnel.
• Disconnect — Breaks the connection for the current VPN tunnel.
• View Log — It displays VPN logs and the details of each tunnel established.
Step 4. Click Save, to save all the changes.
PSK Generator provides a secure process to negotiate a 64-byte IPsec Pre-Shared Key (also known as a Shared Secret or PSK) through insecure means, such as email.
Note: This page uses client side javascript. It does not transmit any entered or calculated information.
Learn more about this PSK Generator.
Instructions:
You and your VPN partner will use two separate passwords to create a unique 64-byte shared secret with the help of a cryptographic hash generator. Regardless of the length of each password, the generated Shared Secret will always be 64 bytes.
1) Create a list of at least 10 randomly generated passwords. These passwords should be at least 64 characters long. Email the password list to your VPN partner, but do NOT include these instructions, this website address, or anything else in the email that reveals the process that is about to be used.
Hint: Click on the keyhole of the padlock picture above to get a list of 32 cryptographically strong random passwords.
2) Over the phone, provide your VPN partner this website address and have them pick one of the passwords from the list you emailed to them. Both of you will copy and paste the selected password to the Password Seed box.
3) Give your VPN partner a simple shorter password. I suggest a 16-digit numeric string as this would be easy to share over the phone with a reduced chance of mistakes. Both of you will enter this shorter passsword in the Key box.
4) Both of you will click the Generate button. Verify the first and last 2 or 3 bytes over the phone to ensure you've created the same Shared Secret.
5) Copy and paste the Shared Secret to your VPN configuration.
Alternate Method: Both parties use a random password generator to create a list of 10 or more long passwords and email them to each other. On the phone, decide which password from one of the lists to use as the Password Seed and which password from the other list for the Key.