Jul 10, 2015 Learn how to use the Android Keystore to create and delete key pairs, and use the created keys to encrypt/decrypt blocks of text. Keystore to store passwords and other sensitive information.
Note that this README is updated for the latest snapshot version. If you want to use the last release, please visit this page
This project aims to solve the 'password forgotten' problem for (Android) developers who happen to manage java keystore(s).
This bruteforce tool is very simple, yet efficient. It will try all password combinations matching [A-Za-z0-9]+
by default, from the shortest password, up to the solution.
java -jar android-keystore-recovery-1.4.0-bundle.jar <keystore> [opts]
These are the available options for AKR:
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-l <length> --min-length <length>
start at given length-f <password> --from <password>
start at given password (in dictionary attack this is a start line number)-t <password> --to <password>
stop at given password (in dictionary attack this is a end line number)-pps <number> --passwords-per-second <number>
Will try the given number of passwords per second (Since 1.1)-w <path> --wordlist <path>
path to wordlist file (example: /././wordlist.txt)You can use --from
and --to
to parallelize the brute force on several computers.
And browsers are actively moving against self-signed server certificates.Some browsers don't exactly make it easy to import a self-signed server certificate. Openssl key and csr generation. The requirements used by browsers are documented at the (see references below). The restrictions arise in two key areas: (1) trust anchors, and (2) DNS names.Modern browsers (like the warez we're using in 2014/2015) want a certificate that chains back to a trust anchor, and they want DNS names to be presented in particular ways in the certificate.
Note: If you want to resume a stopped brute force, I suggest that you take the second last tried password that was stored in $HOME/AndroidKeystoreRecovery.log
. Indeed, as actor computation is asynchronous, there is no guarantee that every password before the last one were really tried by the software.
### Character set options — since 1.1
-lo --letters-only
use letters only-no --numbers-only
use numbers only-uc --upper-case
discards lower-case letters-lc --lower-case
discards upper-case letters-ec <chars> --extra-characters <chars>
add specified characters in combinationsBruteforce algorithms are not optimized at all, AKR is faster than other bruteforce tools but it will still try all password possibilities.
In our case, we try all the characters like so: A, B, .., Z, a, b, .., z, 0, .., 9
. This is 62 possibilites for one character of the password.
Depending on your hardware, AKR will try more or less passwords per second, this is a sample calculation with my own computer:
As you can see, brute force with a single computer can take a very long time..
You can use the -f (--from)
and -t (--to)
options to run AKR on different computers, to parallelize computation and try to shorten the discovery of the password.
This software runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), so you need to have a Java Runtime Environnement (JRE) installed on your computer. If you don't have one, get it at http://java.com.
To benefit from multi-core computers, this software uses the awesome Akka actor library.
Copyright Romain Sertelon 2013
This software is licenced under the GNU Public Licence v3 (GPLv3), you can find it in the LICENCE
file.
If a code signer does not yet have a suitable private key for signing the code, the key must first be generated, along with a corresponding public key that can be used by the code receiver's runtime system to verify the signature.
Since this lesson assumes that you don't yet have such keys, you are going to create a keystore named examplestore
and create an entry with a newly generated public/private key pair (with the public key in a certificate).
Type the following command in your command window to create a keystore named examplestore
and to generate keys:
You will be prompted to enter passwords for the key and keystore.
Let's look at what each of the keytool
subparts mean.
Note: For security reasons you should not set your key or keystore passwords on the command line, because they can be intercepted more easily that way.
If you use the preceding keystore
command, you will be prompted for your distinguished-name information. Following are the prompts; the bold indicates what you should type.
The keytool
command creates the keystore named examplestore
(if it doesn't already exist) in the same directory in which the command is executed. The command generates a public/private key pair for the entity whose distinguished name has a common name of Susan Jones and the organizational unit of Purchasing.
The command creates a self-signed certificate that includes the public key and the distinguished-name information. (The distinguished name you supply will be used as the 'subject' field in the certificate.) This certificate will be valid for 90 days, the default validity period if you don't specify a -validity option. The certificate is associated with the private key in a keystore entry referred to by the alias signFiles
.
Self-signed certificates are useful for developing and testing an application. However, users are warned that the application is signed with an untrusted certificate and asked if they want to run the application. To provide users with more confidence to run your application, use a certificate issued by a recognized certificate authority.
Note: The command could be shorter if option defaults are accepted or you wish to be prompted for various values. Whenever you execute a keytool
command, defaults are used for unspecified options that have default values, and you are prompted for any required values. For the genkey
command, options with default values include alias (whose default is mykey
), validity (90 days), and keystore (the file named .keystore
in your home directory). Required values include dname, storepass, and keypass.