Securing your Java application with an SSL certificate can be extremely important. Fortunately, it is (usually) quite simple to do using Java Keytool. Most situations require that you buy a trusted certificate, but there are many cases when you can generate and use a self signed certificate for free.
An SSL certificate serves two essential purposes: distributing the public key and verifying the identity of the server so users know they aren't sending their information to the wrong server. It can only properly verify the identity of the server when it is signed by a trusted third party. A self signed certificate is a certificate that is signed by itself rather than a trusted authority. Since any attacker can create a self signed certificate and launch a man-in-the-middle attack, a user can't know whether they are sending their encrypted information to the server or an attacker. Because of this, you will almost never want to use a self signed certificate on a public Java server that requires anonymous visitors to connect to your site. However, self signed certificates have their place:
Never use a self signed certificate on an e-commerce site or any site that transfers valuable personal information like credit cards, social security numbers, etc.
Just keep in mind that visitors will see a warning in their browsers (like the one below) when connecting to a server that uses a self signed certificate until it is permanently stored in their certificate store.
Jul 31, 2009 To generate a self-signed certificate, you need a program called “keytool”, which is supplied with any version of the Java SDK. The instructions below walk through the creation of both the key store and the trust store files for a 1-way SSL configuration with the security keys.
Now that you know when to use a Keytool self signed certificate, let's create one using a simple Java Keytool command:
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keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias selfsigned -keystore keystore.jks -storepass password -validity 360 -keysize 2048
This will create a keystore.jks file containing a private key and your sparklingly fresh self signed certificate. Now you just need to configure your Java application to use the .jks file. If you are using Tomcat, you can follow our Tomcat SSL Installation Instructions.
For more information on creating a Java Keytool Self Signed Certificate, see the following links:
Originally posted on Sat Oct 30, 2010
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1- Create PKCS#12 keystore (.p12 or .pfx file)
myKeystore.p12
= keystore filename. It can with .pfx extension as well.MY_PASSWORD
= password used for the keystore and the private key as well.CN
= commonName, it will be shown as certiciate name in certificates list.OU
= organizationUnit, department name for example.O
= organizationName, the company name.L
= localityName, the city.S
= stateName, the state.C
= country, the 2-letter code of the country.Note: This step can be done using openssl but it's more complicated.
2- Create the public certificate (has the header -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
):
Using keytool
:
Or using openssl
:
Note: Import public-certificate.pem into browsers to trust it. Add it to 'Trusted Root Certification Authorities' certificate store.
3- Export the private key (has the header -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
):
4- Export the public key from the private key (has the header -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
):